Chapter 1: Study Tips And Intro To Psychology: The Search For Understanding

Question 1

SQ4R Method

Answer 1

An active study reading technique based on the steps: survey, question, read, recite, relate, and review

Question 2

Active Listener

Answer 2

A person who knows how to maintain attention, avoid distractions, and actively gather information from lectures.

Question 3

Spaced practice

Answer 3

Practice spread over many relatively short study sessions.

Question 4

Massed practice

Answer 4

Practice done in a long, uninterrupted study session

Question 5

Mnemonic

Answer 5

A memory aid or strategy

Question 6

Overlearning

Answer 6

Continuing to study and learn after you first think you’ve mastered a topic.

Question 7

Self testing

Answer 7

Evaluating learning by posing questions to yourself

Question 8

Weekly term schedule

Term schedule

Answer 8

Weekly turn schedule – A bitten plan that allocates time for study, work, and leisure activities during a one week period.

Term schedule- A written plan that list the dates of all major assignments for each of your classes for an entire semester or quarter.

Question 9

Psychology

Answer 9

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Question 10

Overt behaviors

Answer 10

Actions of responses that are directly observable

Question 11

Covert behaviors

Answer 11

Responses that are internal or hidden from view

Question 12

Empirical evidence

Answer 12

Facts or information based on direct observation or experience

Question 13

Data

Answer 13

Observed facts or evidence

data plural; datum singular

Question 14

Scientific observation

Answer 14

An empirical investigation that is structured so that it answers questions about the world

Question 15

Research method

Answer 15

A systematic approach to answering scientific questions.

Question 16

Developmental research

Answer 16

A psychologist interested in the course of human growth and development from birth until death

Question 17

Learning theorist

Answer 17

A psychologist interested in variables affecting learning and theories of learning

Question 18

Personality theorist

Answer 18

Hey psychologist who studies personality traits, Dynamics and theories

Question 19

Cognitive psychologist

Answer 19

A psychologist who studies thinking, knowing, understanding and information processing

Question 20

Sensation and perception psychologist

Answer 20

A psychologist to studies decent organs in the process of perception

Question 21

Comparative psychologist

Answer 21

A psychologist primarily interested in studying and comparing the behavior of different species, especially animals

Question 22

Biopsychologist

Answer 22

A psychologist who studies the relationship between behavior and biological processes, especially activity in the nervous system

Question 23

Gender psychologist

Answer 23

Hey psychologist who investigates differences between females and males and how they develop

Question 24

Social psychologist

Answer 24

A psychologist particularly interested in human social behavior

Question 25

Cultural psychologist

Answer 25

A psychologist who studies the ways in which culture affects human behavior

Question 26

Animal mode

Answer 26

In research, an animal whose behavior is used to derive principles that may apply to human behavior.

Question 27

Description

Answer 27

In scientific research, the process of naming and classifying

Question 28

Understanding

Answer 28

In psychology, understanding is achieved when the causes of a behavior can be stated

Question 29

Prediction

Answer 29

An ability to accurately forecast behavior

Question 30

Psychometrics

Answer 30

A specialty that focuses on mental measurement or testing, such as personality and intelligence testing

Question 31

Control

Answer 31

Altering conditions that influence behavior

Question 32

Philosophy

Answer 32

The formal study of knowledge, reality, and human nature

Question 33

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 33

The father of psychology; set up the first psychological laboratory to study conscious experience

Question 34

Stimulus

Answer 34

Any physical energy that has some effect an organism and that evokes a response

Question 35

Introspection

Answer 35

To look within; to examine ones own thoughts, feelings, or sensations

Question 36

Experimental self observation

Answer 36

Wilhelm Wundts technique of combining trained introspection with objective measurement.

Question 37

Structuralism

Answer 37

The school of thought concerned with analyzing sensations and personal experience in the basic elements

Question 38

Functionalism

Answer 38

The school of psychology concerned with how behavior and mental abilities help people adapt to their environment

Question 39

Natural selection

Answer 39

Darwins theory that evolution favors those plants and animals best suited to their living conditions

Question 40

Educational psychology

Answer 40

Psychological study of learning, teaching, and related topics

Question 41

Industrial psychology

Answer 41

The application of psychology to work, especially to personal selection, human relations, and machine design

Question 42

Behaviorism

Answer 42

The school of psychology that emphasizes the study of overt, observable behavior

Question 43

Response

Answer 43

Any muscular action, glandular activity, or other identifiable aspect of behavior

Question 44

Conditioned response

Answer 44

A reflex response it has become associated with the new stimulus

Question 45

Cognitive behaviorism

Answer 45

An approach that combines behavioral principles with cognition (perception, thinking, anticipation) To explain behavior

Question 46

Behavior modification

Answer 46

The application of learning principles to change human behavior, especially maladaptive behavior

Question 47

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 47

Is school a psychology emphasizing the study of thinking, learning, and perception in whole units, not by analysis into parts

Question 48

Unconscious

Answer 48

Contents of the mind that are beyond awareness, especially impulses and desires not directly known to a person

Question 49

Repression

Answer 49

The unconscious process by which memory starts or impulses are held out of awareness

Question 50

Psychoanalysis

Answer 50

A Freudian approach to psychotherapy emphasizing the exploration of unconscious concepts

Question 51

Humanism

Answer 51

An approach to psychology that focuses on human experience, problems, potential’s, and ideals

Question 52

Determinism

Answer 52

The doctrine that all behavior has prior causes that would completely explain one’s choices and actions if all such causes were known

Question 53

Free will

Answer 53

The doctrine that human beings are capable of freely making choices or decisions

Question 54

Self image

Answer 54

Total subjective perception of oneself, including images of one’s body, personality and capabilities

Question 55

Self-evaluation

Answer 55

Positive and negative feelings held toward oneself

Question 56

Frame of reference

Answer 56

A mental or emotional perspective used for judging and evaluating events

Question 57

Self actualization

Answer 57

The ongoing process of fully developing one’s personal potential

Question 58

Eclectic

Answer 58

Selected a chosen from many sources

Question 59

Cognitive psychology

Answer 59

The area of psychology concerned with human thinking, knowing, understanding, and information processing

Question 60

Cultural relativity

Answer 60

The idea that behavior must be judged relatice to the value of the culture in which it occurs

Question 61

Norms

Answer 61

Who is it define acceptable and expected behavior for members of a group

Question 62

Psychologist

Answer 62

A person highly trained in the methods, factual knowledge, and theories of psychology

Question 63

Clinical psychologist

Answer 63

A psychologist to specializes in the treatment of psychological and behavioral disturbances who who does research on such disturbances

Question 64

Counseling psychologist

Answer 64

A psychologist who specializes in the treatment of milder emotional and behavioral disturbances

Question 65

Scientist practitioner model

Answer 65

The view that clinical psychologist should be skilled both as scientists and as therapist

Question 66

Psychiatrist

Answer 66

A medical doctor with additional training in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and emotional disorders

Question 67

Psychoanalyst

Answer 67

A mental health professional, usually a doctor, trained in the practice of psychoanalysis

Question 68

Counselor

Answer 68

A mental health professional who specializes in helping people with problems not involving a serious mental disorder; for example, marriage counselors, career counselors, or school counselors

Question 69

Psychiatric social worker

Answer 69

A mental health professional trained to apply social science principles to help patients in clinics and hospitals

Question 70

Basic (or “pure”) research

Answer 70

Scientific study undertaken without concern for immediate practical application

Question 71

Applied research

Answer 71

Scientific study undertaken to solve immediate practical problems

Question 72

Critical thinking

Answer 72

An ability to evaluate, compare, analyze, critique, and synthesize information

Question 73

Pseudo psychology

Answer 73

Any false and unscientific system of beliefs and practices that is offered as an explanation of behavior

Question 74

Palmistry

Answer 74

False system that claims to reveal personality traits and to predict the future by “reading” lines on the palms of the hands

Question 75

Phrenology

Answer 75

Falls in antiquated system based on the belief that personality traits are revealed by the shape of the skull

Question 76

Graphology

Answer 76

False system based on the belief that handwriting can reveal personality traits

Question 77

Astrology

Answer 77

False system based on the belief that human behavior is influenced by the position of stars and planets

Question 78

Uncritical acceptance

Answer 78

The tendency to believe generally positive or flattering descriptions of oneself

Question 79

Fallacy of positive instances

Answer 79

The tendency to remember or notice information that fits ones expectations by forgetting discrepancies

Question 80

Barnum effect

Answer 80

The tendency to consider a personal description accurate if it is stated in general terms