Flashcards in Chapter 1: Terminology Deck (129)
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Atom
⚛️
The smallest unit of matter that combined to form cells
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Chemical
Substance with a distinct molecular composition
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Organelle
Structural units within cells that have specific functions
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Cell
The basic structure unit of living organisms
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Tissue
Group of cells working together to perform a function
examples:blood bone
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Organ
Group of tissues working together to perform a function
Example; heart
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Organ system
Group of organs working together to perform a function
Example; nervous system muscular system
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Organism
Group of systems working together
Example; human
🕺🏽
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Integumentary system F&O
Function; protect against environment regulate body temp, sensory info
Major organ; skin, sweat glands, nail
🌎🌡🥲
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Skeletal system F&O
Function; support/protection for tissues, store calcium/minerals, forms blood cells
Major organ; bones, Cartilage,associated ligaments, bone marrow
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Muscular system F&O
Function; provides movement, protects tissue, generates heat/body temp
Major organ; skeletal muscles associated tendons
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Nervous system Function & Organs
Function; response to stimuli,moderate activities of organs, provide/interpret sensory info
Major organ; brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sensory organs
🧠👁🤬📿
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Endocrine system Function & Organs
Function; adjust metabolism,control structural and functional changes in the body
Major organ; pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal gland, testes
🍟💨👩🏽⚖️🪜
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Cardiovascular system F&O
Function; distributes blood cells, water etc., distributes heat, controls body temp
Major organs; heart, blood, blood vessels
🩸💧🥵🌡
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Lymphatic system F&O
Function; defense against infection returns fluids to bloodstream
Major organ; spleen, times, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils
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Respiratory system F&O
Function; air to Alveoli, provides oxygen to bloodstream, remove CO2 from bloodstream
Major organs; nasal cavities, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli
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Digestive system F&O
Function; digest foods, absorbs water, stored energy
Major organ; teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder
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Urinary system F&O
Function; excretes waste, controls water balance, stores urine, regulates blood and PH
Major organ; kidneys, uterus, bladder, urethra
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Male reproductive system F&O
Function; produce sperm, seminal fluids, hormones, sex
Major organ; testes, epididymides, ducts diffrentia, Seminal vesicles
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Female reproductive system F&O
Function; produces female sex cells, developing embryo, milk, sex
Major organ; ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, Vagina labia, clitoris, memory glands
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In anatomical position, the palms are facing?
Forward.
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Why is it important than medical professionals describe the human body in this position
To be able to clearly talk about different parts of moving organisms no matter how they are moving or what position they are in
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Cranial
Skull
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Cephalic
Head
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Frontal
Forehead
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Ocular
Eye
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Buccal
Cheek
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Cervical
Neck
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Facial
Face
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Oral
Mouth
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Pelvic
Pelvis
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Thoracic
Chest
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Axillary
Armpits
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Mammary
Breast
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Brachial
Arm
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Scapular
Shoulder blade
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Digital (phalangeal)
Fingers
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Patellar
Knee cap
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Abdominal
Abdomen
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Umbilical
Navel
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Antecubital
Front of elbow
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Palmar
Palm
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Carpal
Wrist
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Pollex
Thumb
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Manual
Hand
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Mental
Chin
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Pubic
Pubis
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Inguinal
Groin
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Coxal
Tailbone
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Femoral
Thigh
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Vertebral
Spine
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Acromial
Shoulder
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Dorsal
Back
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Crural
Leg
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Pectoral
Peck muscle
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Tarsal
Ankle
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Pedal
Foot
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Popliteal
Back of knee
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Calcaneal
Heel of foot
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Peroneal (Fibular)
Outer calf
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Perineal
Abdominal cavity
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Olecranal
Back of elbow
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Lumbar
Lower back bone
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Gluteal
But cheek
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Sural
Calf
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Plantar
Sole of foot
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Sternal
Sternum
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Anterior
Front of the body
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Ventral
Belly side
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Dorsal (Direction)
To the back
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Posterior
The back of surface
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Cephalic (Cranial)
Toward the head
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Caudal
Toward the tail
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Inferior
Below; toward feet
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Superior
Above, toward the head
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Medial
Toward the midline
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Lateral
Away from the midline
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Distal
Away from the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk
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Proximal
Toward the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk
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Superficial
At, near, close to the body surface
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Deep
Toward the interior of the body
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Visceral w/n
Relating to organs within the body cavities
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Parietal
Relating to Body cavity wall
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Bilateral
Both sides of the body
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Contralateral
Pertaining to the other side
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Ipsilateral
On the same side of the body
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The heart is medial to the?
Lungs.
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The carpal region is? To the brachial Region
Proximal.
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Two tumors located in the right kidney will be? Tumors
Visceral
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Transverse or horizontal section
Cross section
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Sagittal section
Left and right parts
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Mid sagittal section
Equal in left and right halves
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Frontal or coronal section
Anterior and posterior parts
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Would it be Possible to make a transverse section of the abdominal cavity without cutting through the stomach
Yes, cut would go across
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Is it possible to make a sagittal section of the thoracic cavity without cutting through the heart
Yes
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Dorsal cavity
Divided into two cavities that house the central nervous system the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity
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Cranial cavity
Contains the brain
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Spinal cavity
Contains the spinal cord
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What are the cranial cavity and spinal cavity line by?
The cavities are lined by meninges, connective tissues that protect the organs inside these cavities
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The dorsal cavity is surrounded by bone. Why is that important, based on what you know about human anatomy?
The dorsal body cavity is totally surrounded by bone and provides very good protection for the section it contains.
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Ventral(front,belly side) cavity consist of ?
Consist of two main cavity separated by the mediastinum
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Thoracic cavity
Lungs: covered by tissues called pluera
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Where is visceral(W/N) pleura located?
Covering the mediastinum surface and the inner body wall.
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Mediastinum
Space between the lungs. The trachea, esophagus, heart, and great vessels of the heart are found there.
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What is the term for the tissue that surrounds the heart?
Pericardium; has a visceral layer and a parade or layer
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Abdominal pelvic cavity Is line by tissues called?
Peritoneum
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Where is this Visceral peritoneum located?
Wrapped around the internal organs located inside the inter-peritoneal cavity
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Where is parietal (body cavity wall) peritoneum located?
Portion lined the abdominal pelvic cavities, thoracic cavity
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What does the abdominal cavity contain?
Contains digestive organs (stomach, liver, intestines)
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Pelvic cavity:
Contains the reproductive organs.
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Homeostasis:
Maintaining a stable environment.
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What regulatory systems maintain homeostasis?
Endocrine system, nervous system.
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What is the function of an Endocrine Organ:
And endocrine organ makes a hormone that travels with the blood to act on another part of the body
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Nervous system:
Consist of nerves (controlled by the brain), and provides a quick response
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What are two types of homeostasis responses?
Negative and positive feedback.
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Negative feedback:
Body maintains in normal range, or setpoint.
Example: when the body is cold negative feedback will make it shiver, when the body is hot negative feedback will make it sweat.
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What homeostatic mechanism helps restore normal temperature when body temperature is low?
Hypothalamus sends signal to shiver.
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What is the purpose of shivering? Sweating?
Maintaining homeostasis.
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Body temperature is primarily control by?
The nervous system.
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What homeostatic mechanism helps restore normal glucose my blood sugar is low?
Pancreas secretes more insulin.
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Positive feedback;
Initial change causes an even greater change
Example: labor and delivery, release of oxytocin causes stronger contraction: blood clotting; positive feedback accelerate clotting until clock can stop bleeding.
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Why aren’t positive feedback mechanisms very common in the human body?
It seems to produce extreme responses.
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What are the nine regions?
The right hypochondriac, epigastric region, left hypochondriac region, right lumbar region, umbilical region, left lumbar region, right Inguinal region, hypogastric pubic region, left inguinal region.
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What are the four Quadrants
Right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant.
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Name one Oregon that is found in the right hypochondriac region
Liver
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Describe the position of epigastric region relative to the hypogastric region
The epigastric region is superior to The hypogastric region
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In which region could you find the umbilicus
The umbilical region
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In which quadrant could you find the spleen?
Left upper quadrant
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