Chapter 1: Textbook

Question 1

What is Chemistry?

Answer 1

The study of matter and its properties, the changes that matter undergoes, and the energy that is associated with those changes

Question 2

What is Matter?

Answer 2

Anything that has mass and volume

Question 3

What does Composition mean?

Answer 3

The types and amounts of simpler substances that make matter

Question 4

What is a Substance?

Answer 4

A type of matter that has a defined, fixed composition

Question 5

How do we learn about Matter?

Answer 5

By observing its properties

Question 6

What are Properties?

Answer 6

The characteristics that give each substance its unique identity

Question 7

What are the two types of properties?

Answer 7

Physical and Chemical

Question 8

What are Physical properties?

Answer 8

Characteristics that a substance shows by inteselgfwithout changing or interacting with another substance

Question 9

When does a Physical change occur?

Answer 9

When a substance alters its Physical properties , not its composition

Question 10

What are Chemical Properties?

Answer 10

Characteristics that a substance shows as it changes into or interacts with another substance

Question 11

What are examples of Chemical Properties?

Answer 11

Flammability
Corrosiveness
Reactivity w/ acids

Question 12

When does a Chemical Change occur?

Answer 12

When a substance is converted into a different substance

Question 13

what are the 4 States of Matter?

Answer 13

Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

Question 14

What is the Fifth State of Matter?

Answer 14

Bose-Einstein Condensate which exists at extremely low temperatures

Question 15

What is the Kinetic Energy of a Solid?

Answer 15

Low kinetic energy

Question 16

What does the Low kinetic energy of a solid result in?

Answer 16

Strong intermolecular forces between the atoms or molecules causing it to have a fixed shape and volume

Question 17

Why are Solids not defined by rigidity?

Answer 17

Because solid iron is rigid and hard but solid lead is flexible

Question 18

What is the kinetic energy of Liquids when compared to solids?

Answer 18

Greater that solids

Question 19

What is the Intermolecular Force like in liquids?

Answer 19

There are weaker intermolecular forces than in solids between atoms and molecules allowing the liquid to have a varying shape of the container

Question 20

What is fixed in Liquids?

Answer 20

Volume

Question 21

What may vary based on gravitational force in liquids?

Answer 21

If it has an upper surface or not

Question 22

What is the kinetic Energy of a Gas in relation to liquids?

Answer 22

Gas particles have a higher kinetic energy than liquid

Question 23

What are the intermolecular forces like in Gases?

Answer 23

There are very weak intermolecular forces between the atoms or molecules allowing gases to spread indefinitely

Question 24

What do gases not have?

Answer 24

A fixed volume

Question 25

What is the Kinetic energy of a Plasma?

Answer 25

Very high; higher than gas

Question 26

How is a Plasma similar to a gas?

Answer 26

It fills it container and does not have a fixed volume (is fluid)

Question 27

How is a Plasma different from a gas?

Answer 27

It is composed of a mixture of neutral atoms, electrons, ions although although it has an overall charge of zero

Question 28

What is the charge of a Gas?

Answer 28

Neutral

Question 29

What affects plasma unlike gas?

Answer 29

Magnetic fields

Question 30

What is the most commonly encountered form of matter?

Answer 30

Plasma

Question 31

When may a plasma exhibit a coherent of collective property?

Answer 31

In the presence of an electric field

Question 32

How was BEC discovered?

Answer 32

A sample of rubidium was cooled to -273°C

Question 33

What happens in BEC?

Answer 33

The particle begin clumping together to form a superatom

Question 34

What are the Properties of BEC?

Answer 34

Superfluidity

Question 35

What is used in the flame of a lab burner?

Answer 35

Methane and Oxygen

Question 36

What is Energy defined as?

Answer 36

The ability to do work

Question 37

What is Potential Energy?

Answer 37

Energy due to the position of an object

Question 38

What is Kinetic Energy?

Answer 38

Energy due to the motion of an object

Question 39

What are the 2 rules of energy?

Answer 39

1) Total energy is always conserved | 2) Situations of lower energy are more stable and favored

Question 40

What are the two types of observations?

Answer 40

Qualitative and Quantitative

Question 41

What does Qualitative refer to?

Answer 41

Things we can see, hear, smell or feel in an experiment

Question 42

What does Quantitative mean?

Answer 42

Numerical pieces of information, often called data

Question 43

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 43

A proposal made to explain an observation

Question 44

What is an experiment?

Answer 44

A set of procedural steps that tests a hypothesis

Question 45

How many variables does an experiment typically have?

Answer 45

2

Question 46

What is a controlled experiment?

Answer 46

An experiment that measures the effect of one variable or another keeping all the other variable constant

Question 47

What is a model or theory?

Answer 47

A set of conceptual assumptions that explain data from experiments and predicts phenomenons

Question 48

what is a conversion factor?

Answer 48

A ratio that is used to express a quantity in different units

Question 49

What is Systematic Error?

Answer 49

when the values produced are either higher or all lower than the actual value