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Chemistry 101 > Chapter 2: Textbook > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Textbook Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 3 types of matter?

A

Elements
Compounds
Mixtures

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2
Q

What is a Substance?

A

A matter whose composition is fixed

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3
Q

Why are Mixtures not substances?

A

Because they have variable composition

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4
Q

What is the Simplest type of Matter?

A

An Element

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5
Q

What does an Element have?

A

Unique physical and chemical properties

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6
Q

Why can’t an Element be broken down further?

A

It consists of only one type of atom

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7
Q

Why is each element unique?

A

Because the properties of its atoms are unique

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8
Q

What is a Molecule?

A

An independent structure of two or more atoms bound together

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9
Q

What is an example of a Molecule?

A

One of the Oxygens in O

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10
Q

What is a Compound?

A

Two or more elements that are Chemically bonded together

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11
Q

How are Compounds formed?

A

They are joined in a chemical reaction

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12
Q

what is are defining features of Compounds?

A

Elements are present in fixed parts by atoms of each element and its properties are different from its component elements

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13
Q

What is a Mixtures?

A

Two or more substances that are physically intermingled

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14
Q

Is a Mixture a substance?

A

No

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15
Q

what are the components of a Mixture like?

A

They can vary unlike compounds

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16
Q

What does a Mixture consist of?

A

Individual units that make up its component elements and/or compounds

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17
Q

What are the properties of a Mixture?

A

Whatever the properties of its components are

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18
Q

How can Mixtures be separated into components?

A

By physical changes

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19
Q

What is the Law of Mass Conservation?

A

The total mass of substances does not change during a chemical reaction

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20
Q

Who came up with the Law of Mass Conservation?

A

Lavoisier

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21
Q

What does the law of definite (or constant) composition state?

A

No matter what its source, a particular compound is composed of the same elements in the same parts by mass

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22
Q

What is the Fraction of Mass?

A

The part of the compound that each element contributes

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23
Q

How is the Mass fraction found?

A

By dividing the mass of each element by the mass of the compound

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24
Q

What is the formula for the mass of an element in a sample?

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A

Mass of compound in sample x (mass of element in a compound/mass of compound)

25
What is the Law of Multiple Propertions?
If elements A and B react to form two compounds, the different masses of B that combine with a fixed mass of A can be expressed as a ratio of small whole numbers
26
What are the 3 laws?
Mass conservation Definite composition Multiple Proportions
27
Whose experiments revealed the Mass and charge of the electron?
J.J. Thompson and Robert Millikan
28
How did J.J. Thompsons experiment go?
He measured the ratio of the mass of a cathode ray particle to its charge
29
What did J.J. Thompson discover>
That atoms contained even smaller particles
30
What did Robert Millikan discover?
He discovered a way to measure the charge of an electron
31
What model of the atom did Thomson propose?
The Plum pudding model
32
What is the Plum Pudding model?
A spherical atom composed of positively charged matter with electrons embedded within it
33
How did Rutherford describe the nucleus?
The nucleus contains all the positive charge and is all the mass of the atom
34
Who discovered the Neutron?
James Chadwick
35
What letter represent the atomic number of an element?
Z
36
What does the Atomic Number show?
The amount of protons in the nucleus
37
What does the Mass Number represent?
The total number of protons and neutrons
38
What do Isotopes have?
Different amounts of neutrons so it changes the Mass number
39
What are the Chemical Properties of an atom determined by?
The number of electrons
40
What is the mass number represented by?
A superscript
41
How is the Isotopic makeup of an element determined?
Mass Spectrometry
42
Who created the periodic table?
Dimitri Mendeleev
43
What forms Ionic compounds?
Transferring electrons from one ion to another
44
What forms covalent bonds?
Sharing electrons between different elements
45
What is a binary ionic compound?
A compound composed of two elements
46
Which periodic table group usually loses electrons?
Metals
47
Which periodic table group usually gains electrons?
Non-metals
48
What is charge based on?
The group number
49
How are polyatomic ions bonded?
Covalently
50
What is a Formula unit?
The formula of an ionic compound
51
What is an Oxoanion?
Ions usually a non-metal bonded to one or more oxygen atoms
52
What is the rule for Oxanions with 2 oxygens?
The ion with more Oxygen take the nonmetal root and suffix -ate The ion with fewer O atoms takes the nonmetal root and the suffix-ite
53
What is the rule for Oxanions with more than 4 oxygens elements?
* The ion with the most O atoms has the prefix per- , the non-metal root, and the suffix -ate * The ion with one less O atom has just the root and suffix -ate * The ion with two fewer O has just the root and the suffix -ite * The ion with the least (three dewer) O atoms has the prefix hypo-, the root and the suffix -ite
54
When do Binary Acid Solutions form?
When certain gaseous compounds dissolve in water
55
What is the formula for Binary Acid names?
Hydro + non-metal root + suffix + acid
56
What is the rule for Oxoacid?
- ate becomes -ic | - ite become -ous
57
How does Distillation seperate?
Through differences in Volatillity
58
What is Volatillity?
The tendency of a substance to become a gas
59
What is Crystallization based on Solubility
Differences in Solubility

Chemistry 101 (4 decks)

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