Chapter 1- The Evolution Of Pychology

Question 0

Contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior

Answer 0

The Unconscious

Question 1

Three Influential Psychoanalysts

Answer 1

Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler

Question 2

Three Influential Behaviorists

Answer 2

John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov and B. F. Skinner

Question 3

Heritable characteristics that provide a survival or reproductive advantage are more likely that alternative characteristics to be passed on to subsequent generations and thus come to be “selected” over time

Answer 3

Natural Selection

Question 5

Two Influential Humanists

Answer 5

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Question 6

The careful, systematic self-observation of one’s own conscious experience

Answer 6

Introspection

Question 7

Based on the belief that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness

Answer 7

Functionalism

Question 9

Attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior

Answer 9

Psychoanalytic Theory

Question 10

The Influential Cognitive Psychologists

Answer 10

Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky, and Herbert Simon

Question 11

A theoretical orientation bases on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior

Answer 11

Behaviorism

Question 11

Refers to any overt response or activity by an organism

Answer 11

Behavior

Question 12

Examines behavioral processes in terms of their adaptive value for members of a species over the course of many generations

Answer 12

Evolutionary Psychology

Question 13

Based on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements are related

Answer 13

Structuralism

Question 13

A theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth

Answer 13

Humanism

Question 14

The branch of psychology concerned with everyday, practical problems

Answer 14

Applied Psychology

Question 15

The branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders

Answer 15

Clinical Psychology

Question 16

Refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge

Answer 16

Cognition

Question 17

The premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation

Answer 17

Empiricism

Question 18

Uses theory and research to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence

Answer 18

Positive Psychology

Question 19

A system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations

Answer 19

A Theory

Question 20

First female president of the American Psychological Association

Answer 20

Mary Whiton Calkins