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AP Psychology > Chapter 3- The Biological Bases Of Behavior > Flashcards

Chapter 3- The Biological Bases Of Behavior Flashcards

0
Q

Contains the cell nucleus and much of the chemical machinery common to most cells

A

Soma

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1
Q

Individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit information

A

Neurons

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2
Q

Parts of the neuron that are specialized to receive information

A

Dendrites

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3
Q

A long, thin fiber that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons or to muscles or glands

A

Axon

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4
Q

Small knobs that secrete chemicals called neurotransmitters

A

Terminal Buttons

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5
Q

A junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to another

A

Synapse

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6
Q

Cells found throughout the nervous system that provide various types of support for neurons

A

Glia

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7
Q

A neuron’s stable, negative charge when the cell is inactive

A

Resting Potential

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8
Q

A very brief shift in a neuron’s electrical charge that travels along an axon

A

Action Potential

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9
Q

The minimum length of time after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin

A

Absolute Refractory Period

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10
Q

Chemicals that transmit information from one neuron to another

A

Neurotransmitters

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11
Q

A voltage change at a receptor site on a post synaptic cell membrane

A

Post synaptic Potential (PSP)

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12
Q

A chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter

A

An Agonist

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13
Q

A chemical that opposes the action of a neurotransmitter

A

Antagonist

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14
Q

Released by motor neurons controlling skeletal muscles

Contributes to the regulation of attention, arousal and memory

Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Acetylcholine

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15
Q

Contributes to control of voluntary movement

Associated with Parkinsonism, Schizophrenic Disorders and Addictive Disorders

A

Dopamine

16
Q

Contributes to modulation of mood and arousal

Associated with Depressive Disorders

A

Norepinephrine

17
Q

Involved in regulation of sleep and wakefulness, aggression

Associated with Depressive Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders, and Eating Disorders

A

Serotonin

18
Q

Serves as widely distributed inhibitory transmitter, contributing to regulation of anxiety and sleep/arousal

Associated with Anxiety Disorders

A

GABA

19
Q

Serves as widely distributed excitatory transmitter

Associated with Schizophrenia

A

Glutamate

20
Q

Made up of all those nerves that lie outside the brain and spinal chord

A

The Peripheral Nervous System

21
Q

Bundles of neuron fibers that are routed together in the peripheral nervous system

A

Nerves

22
Q

Made up of nerves that connect to voluntary skeletal muscles and to sensory receptors

A

The Somatic Nervous System

23
Q

Axons that carry information inward toward central nervous system from the periphery of the body

A

Afferent Nerve Fibers

24
Q

Axons that carry information outward from the central nervous system to the periphery of the body

A

Efferent Nerve Fibers

25
Q

Made up of nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and glands.

A

Autonomic Nervous System

26
Q

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes the body’s resources for emergencies

A

The Sympathetic Division

27
Q

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that generally conserves bodily resources

A

The Parasympathetic Division

28
Q

A device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp

A

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

29
Q

Involves destroying a piece of the brain

A

Lesioning

30
Q

Involves sending a weak electric current into a brain structure to stimulate it

A

Electrical Stimulation of the Brain (ESB)

31
Q

A new technique that permits scientists to temporarily enhance or depress activity in a specific area of the brain

A

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

32
Q

A computer enhanced X- Ray of the brain where multiple X-Rays are shot from many angles to creat a vivid image of a horizontal slice of the brain

A

CT (computerized tomography) Scan

33
Q

Radioactive chemical are introduced into the brain to be used as markers for X-Rays.

A

PET (positron emission tomography) Scan

34
Q

Uses magnetic fields, radio waves, and computerized enhancement to map out brain structure and to produce a 3-D picture of the brain

A

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) Scan

35
Q

Monitors blood flow and oxygen consumption in the brain to identify areas of high activity

A

fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) Scan

36
Q

Includes the cerebellum, medulla and pons.

A

The Hindbrain

37
Q

The segment of the brain stem that lies between the hindbrain and the forebrain

A

The Midbrain

38
Q

The largest and most complex region of the brain, encompassing a variety of structures, including the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebrum.

A

The Forebrain

AP Psychology (4 decks)

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