Chapter 3- The Biological Bases Of Behavior

Question 0

Contains the cell nucleus and much of the chemical machinery common to most cells

Answer 0

Soma

Question 1

Individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit information

Answer 1

Neurons

Question 2

Parts of the neuron that are specialized to receive information

Answer 2

Dendrites

Question 3

A long, thin fiber that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons or to muscles or glands

Answer 3

Axon

Question 4

Small knobs that secrete chemicals called neurotransmitters

Answer 4

Terminal Buttons

Question 5

A junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to another

Answer 5

Synapse

Question 6

Cells found throughout the nervous system that provide various types of support for neurons

Answer 6

Glia

Question 7

A neuron’s stable, negative charge when the cell is inactive

Answer 7

Resting Potential

Question 8

A very brief shift in a neuron’s electrical charge that travels along an axon

Answer 8

Action Potential

Question 9

The minimum length of time after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin

Answer 9

Absolute Refractory Period

Question 10

Chemicals that transmit information from one neuron to another

Answer 10

Neurotransmitters

Question 11

A voltage change at a receptor site on a post synaptic cell membrane

Answer 11

Post synaptic Potential (PSP)

Question 12

A chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter

Answer 12

An Agonist

Question 13

A chemical that opposes the action of a neurotransmitter

Answer 13

Antagonist

Question 14

Released by motor neurons controlling skeletal muscles

Contributes to the regulation of attention, arousal and memory

Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 14

Acetylcholine

Question 15

Contributes to control of voluntary movement

Associated with Parkinsonism, Schizophrenic Disorders and Addictive Disorders

Answer 15

Dopamine

Question 16

Contributes to modulation of mood and arousal

Associated with Depressive Disorders

Answer 16

Norepinephrine

Question 17

Involved in regulation of sleep and wakefulness, aggression

Associated with Depressive Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders, and Eating Disorders

Answer 17

Serotonin

Question 18

Serves as widely distributed inhibitory transmitter, contributing to regulation of anxiety and sleep/arousal

Associated with Anxiety Disorders

Answer 18

GABA

Question 19

Serves as widely distributed excitatory transmitter

Associated with Schizophrenia

Answer 19

Glutamate

Question 20

Made up of all those nerves that lie outside the brain and spinal chord

Answer 20

The Peripheral Nervous System

Question 21

Bundles of neuron fibers that are routed together in the peripheral nervous system

Answer 21

Nerves

Question 22

Made up of nerves that connect to voluntary skeletal muscles and to sensory receptors

Answer 22

The Somatic Nervous System

Question 23

Axons that carry information inward toward central nervous system from the periphery of the body

Answer 23

Afferent Nerve Fibers

Question 24

Axons that carry information outward from the central nervous system to the periphery of the body

Answer 24

Efferent Nerve Fibers

Question 25

Made up of nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and glands.

Answer 25

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 26

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes the body's resources for emergencies

Answer 26

The Sympathetic Division

Question 27

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that generally conserves bodily resources

Answer 27

The Parasympathetic Division

Question 28

A device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp

Answer 28

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

Question 29

Involves destroying a piece of the brain

Answer 29

Lesioning

Question 30

Involves sending a weak electric current into a brain structure to stimulate it

Answer 30

Electrical Stimulation of the Brain (ESB)

Question 31

A new technique that permits scientists to temporarily enhance or depress activity in a specific area of the brain

Answer 31

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Question 32

A computer enhanced X- Ray of the brain where multiple X-Rays are shot from many angles to creat a vivid image of a horizontal slice of the brain

Answer 32

CT (computerized tomography) Scan

Question 33

Radioactive chemical are introduced into the brain to be used as markers for X-Rays.

Answer 33

PET (positron emission tomography) Scan

Question 34

Uses magnetic fields, radio waves, and computerized enhancement to map out brain structure and to produce a 3-D picture of the brain

Answer 34

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) Scan

Question 35

Monitors blood flow and oxygen consumption in the brain to identify areas of high activity

Answer 35

fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) Scan

Question 36

Includes the cerebellum, medulla and pons.

Answer 36

The Hindbrain

Question 37

The segment of the brain stem that lies between the hindbrain and the forebrain

Answer 37

The Midbrain

Question 38

The largest and most complex region of the brain, encompassing a variety of structures, including the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebrum.

Answer 38

The Forebrain