Chapter 1: The Sciences of A&P

Question 1

what is cytology

Answer 1

study of body cells and their internal structure

Question 1

what is histology

Answer 1

study of tissues

Question 2

what is gross anatomy

Answer 2

studies structures visible to naked eye or through dissection

Question 3

what is systemic anatomy

Answer 3

study anatomy of each body system

Question 4

what is regional anatomy

Answer 4

study structures in a body region

Question 5

what is surface anatomy

Answer 5

focuses on superficial anatomic markings and internal body structures

Question 6

what is comparative anatomy

Answer 6

examines anatomical similarities and differences in different species

Question 7

what is embryology

Answer 7

studies developmental changes from conception to birth

Question 8

what is pathological anatomy

Answer 8

examines macroscopic and microscopic anatomic changes resulting from disease

Question 9

what is radiographic anatomy

Answer 9

investigates internal structures visualized by scanning procedures

Question 10

what are the properties common to all living things

Answer 10

organization, metabolism(catabolism&anabolism), responsiveness, growth and development, reproduction, homeostasis, regulation

Question 11

what is metabolism

Answer 11

sum of all chemical reactions that occur in body

Question 12

what is anabolism

Answer 12

small molecules join to form larger ones(building up)

Question 13

what is catabolism

Answer 13

large molecules get broken down into smaller ones

Question 14

responsiveness

Answer 14

ability to sense and react to stimuli

Question 15

what is regulation

Answer 15

ability to adjust internal bodily functions to accommodate environment changes

Question 16

what is the smallest unit of matter

Answer 16

atom

Question 17

at the chemical level, what is the order from simplest to complex

Answer 17

atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle

Question 18

what is the smallest living structure

Answer 18

cell

Question 19

What is the order from simplest to most complex at the cellular level

Answer 19

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

Question 20

what are the 4 types of tissues and their functions

Answer 20

epithelial(covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavities), connective(protects, binds, supports structures and organs), muscle(movement, generates heat through contraction), nervous(conducts nerve impulses for communication

Question 21

What are the 11 organ systems

Answer 21

muscular, respiratory, digestive, integumentary, cardiovascular, endocrine, reproductive, urinary, nervous, skeletal

Question 22

what structures are within the integumentary system

Answer 22

hair, nails, skin, and glands

Question 23

what structures are within the skeletal system

Answer 23

bones, cartilage, joints

Question 24

what structures are within the muscular system

Answer 24

muscles, tendons, ligaments

Question 25

what structures are within the nervous system

Answer 25

neurons, nerves, glial cells

Question 26

what structures are within the endocrine system

Answer 26

glands and associated organs

Question 27

what structures are within the cardiovascular system

Answer 27

heart, blood vessels, blood

Question 28

what structures are within the lymphatic system

Answer 28

lymphatic vessels, lymph, and primary and secondary lymphatic organs

Question 29

what structures are within the respiratory system

Answer 29

nose, respiratory tract, lungs, bronchial tree

Question 30

what organs and structures are within the urinary system

Answer 30

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 31

what structures are within the digestive system

Answer 31

mouth, GI tract, anus

Question 32

What structures are within the reproductive system

Answer 32

reproductive tract, associated glands, external genetalia

Question 33

what does the term caudal mean

Answer 33

toward rear/tail end

Question 34

what does the term rostral mean

Answer 34

toward nose/mouth

Question 35

what is the order from superficial to deep

Answer 35

skin, adipose, muscle, bone, organs

Question 36

antebrachial

Answer 36

forearm

Question 37

antecubital

Answer 37

the front of the elbow region

Question 38

auricular

Answer 38

visible surface structures of the ear

Question 39

axillary

Answer 39

armpit

Question 40

buccal

Answer 40

cheek

Question 41

calcaneal

Answer 41

heel of foot

Question 42

cephalic

Answer 42

head

Question 43

cervical

Answer 43

neck

Question 44

coxal

Answer 44

hip

Question 45

cranial

Answer 45

skull

Question 46

crural

Answer 46

leg portion between knee and ankle

Question 47

fibular

Answer 47

lateral aspect of the leg

Question 48

frontal

Answer 48

forehead

Question 49

hallux

Answer 49

great toe

Question 50

inguinal

Answer 50

groin

Question 51

lumbar

Answer 51

lower part of back between ribs and pelvis

Question 52

mammary

Answer 52

breast

Question 53

manus

Answer 53

hand

Question 54

mental

Answer 54

chin

Question 55

occipital

Answer 55

back of head

Question 56

olecranal

Answer 56

back of elbow

Question 57

orbital

Answer 57

eye

Question 58

patellar

Answer 58

kneecap

Question 59

pectoral

Answer 59

chest include mammary

Question 60

pes

Answer 60

foot

Question 61

plantar

Answer 61

sole of foot

Question 62

pollex

Answer 62

thumb

Question 63

popliteal

Answer 63

back of knee

Question 64

radial

Answer 64

thumb side of forearm

Question 65

sacral

Answer 65

posterior region between hip bones

Question 66

scapular

Answer 66

shoulder blades

Question 67

sternal

Answer 67

front middle region of thorax

Question 68

sural

Answer 68

calf

Question 69

ulnar

Answer 69

pinky side of forearm

Question 70

umbilical

Answer 70

naval/belly button

Question 71

what cavities are contained in the posterior aspect

Answer 71

cranial and vertebral

Question 72

what cavities are contained in the ventral aspect

Answer 72

thoracic and abdominopelvic

Question 73

what organs are included in the thoracic cavity

Answer 73

heart, lungs, thymus, major blood vessels, part of esophagus and trachea

Question 74

where is the mediastinum and where does in run

Answer 74

median space within the cavity, runs from sternum to vertebrae

Question 75

what organs are included in the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 75

stomach, liver, spleen, small and large intestine, gallbladder, bladder, reproductive organs, ureters, pancreas

Question 76

what organs are in the abdominal cavity

Answer 76

most digestive organs and and urinary organs

Question 77

what organs are included in the pelvic cavity

Answer 77

few digestive organs, and reproductive organs

Question 78

____________ __________________ are continuous layer of cells located in the __________ cavity; consists of ________ layers

Answer 78

serous membranes; ventral; 2

Question 79

what layer of serous membranes lines the internal surfaces of the body wall

Answer 79

parietal

Question 80

what layer of serous membranes covers the external surface of the organ in the cavity

Answer 80

visceral

Question 81

what is the main purpose of serous fluid

Answer 81

reduces friction

Question 82

what is the 2 layered serous membrane that covers the heart

Answer 82

pericardium

Question 83

what is the 2 layered serous membrane that encloses the lungs

Answer 83

pleura

Question 84

what is the 2 layered serous membrane that lines the abdominpelvic cavity

Answer 84

peritoneum

Question 85

from right to left, what are the 9 abdominopelvic regions in order

Answer 85

right hypochondriac region, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right illiac, hypogastric, left illiac

Question 86

what are the 3 components of homeostasis

Answer 86

receptor, control center, effector

Question 87

what is the order of a homeostatic cycle

Answer 87

receptor, sends afferent message, control center, sends efferent message, effectors

Question 88

negative feedback moves the stimulus in the __________________ direction and is the ____________ common

Answer 88

opposite, most

Question 89

positive feedback the stimulus is _________________ to continue moving the variable in the ___________ direction until a _____________ event occurs, then body returns to ______________

Answer 89

reinforced; same; climactic; homeostasis

Question 90

what are examples of positive feedback

Answer 90

labor, breastfeeding, blood clotting