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Anatomy 1 > Chapter 5 Tissue Organization > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Tissue Organization Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

What are the general locations of epithelial tissue

A
  • covers body and organ surfaces
  • lines body and organ cavities
  • forms some glands
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2
Q

What are some common characteristics of epithelial tissues

A
  • composed of 1 or more layers of closely packed cells
  • contains little to no extracellular matrix
  • has polarity
  • is avascular
  • has high regeneration capacity
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3
Q

What are the 4 functions of epithelial tissue

A

1.) physical protection
2.) selective permeability
3.) secretions
4.) sensations

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4
Q

Where is the only place in the body where transitional epithelial tissue is

A

urinary bladder

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5
Q

What is the structure, function, and location of the simple squamous epithelium

A

Structure: single layer of flat cells; thinnest barrier
Function: allows rapid movement of molecules across the surface
Location: Lines air sacs of lungs(alveoli), vessel walls(endothelium), serous membranes(mesothelium)

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6
Q

What is the structure, function, and location of the simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Structure: single layer of uniformly shaped cells; spherical nucleus in middle of cell
Function: designed for absorption and secretion
Location: ideal for structural components of glands

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7
Q

What is the structure, function, and location of the nonciliated simple columnar epithelium

A

Structure: single layer, contain microvilli, has unicellular glands(goblet cells) that secrete glycoprotein(mucin)
Function: absorption and secretion
Location: lines most of the digestive tract from the stomach to the anal canal

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8
Q

What is the structure, function, and location of the Ciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium

A

Structure: single layer, oval shaped nucleus, cilia project from apical surface, goblet cells present
Function: secretion and movement
Location: lines bronchioles and the uterine tubes(cilia help move oocytes from the ovary to the uterus

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9
Q

What is the structure, function, and location of the Ciliated Pseudo-stratified Columnar Epithelium

A

Structure: single layer of cells with varying heights, contains cilia, and goblet cells
Function: protection via secretion and movement
Location: large passageways of the respiratory system

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10
Q

What is the structure, function, and location of the Nonciliated Psuedostratified Columnar Epithelium

A

Structure: rare, single layer of cells with varying height, lacks cilia and goblet cells
Function: protective
Location: occurs mainly in the male urethra and epididymis

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11
Q

What is the structure, function, and location of the Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A

Structure: multiple cell layers, top layer of cells are dead(have no nucleus and are filled with keratin)
Function: protection from abrasion
Location: epidermis

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12
Q

What is the structure, function, and location of the Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A

Structure: multiple cell layers, all cells alive and kept moist with secretions(saliva/mucus), microscopic visible nuclei
Function: protection of underlying tissue from abrasion
Location: lines the oral cavity, part of the pharynx, esophagus, vagina, anus

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13
Q

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

A

Structure: two or more layers of cells, superficial cells are cuboidal in shape
Function: protection and secretion: forms tubes and coverings
Location: forms walls of ducts in most exocrine glands, sweat glands, parts of male urethra, periphery of ovarian follicles

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14
Q

What is the structure, function, and location of the Stratified Columnar Epithelium

A

Structure: two or more layers of cells, rare, columnar cells at apical cells
Functions: protects and secretes
Location: found in large ducts of salivary glands, parts of male urethra

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15
Q

What is the definition of glands

A

individual or multicellular organs composed of epithelial tissue that secrete substances for use or elimination by the body

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16
Q

What are examples of substances that are secreted by glands

A

mucin, hormones, or enzymes

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17
Q

What’s the definition of an endocrine gland

A

lacks ducts and secrete their products(hormones) directly into the blood

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18
Q

What’s the definition of an exocrine gland

A

may have ducts and secrete their products(sweat or salivary) onto epithelial surfaces

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19
Q

What are simple glands

A

have a single, unbranched duct

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20
Q

What are compound glands

A

have branched ducts

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21
Q

What are tubular glands

A

secretory portion and duct have the same diameter

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22
Q

What are acinar glands

A

the secretory portion forms an expanded sac

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23
Q

what is a tubloacinar gland

A

composed of tubules and an acini sac

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24
Q

What is an acini

A

a cluster of cells that produce a secretion

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25
What do merocrine glands do
package secretion into secretory vesicles and release the secretions by exocytosis
26
What do apocrine glands do
produce their secretion by pinching off their secretory product
27
What is connective tissue
the most diverse, abundant, and widely distributed of the tissues; vascular
28
what are residential cells and what kind of tissue is it in
stationary cells housed in connective tissue
29
What are fibroblasts and what type of tissue is it in
most abundant resident cells that produce fibers and ground substance of the ECM
30
What are Adipocytes and what tissue are they in
(fat cells) create adipose tissue; connective tissue
31
What are Mesenchymal cells and what tissue are they found in
an embryonic cell that divides after tissue damage
32
What are fixed macrophages and what tissue is it found in
derive from white blood cells, and they phagocytize damaged cells or pathogens, also release chemicals that stimulate the immune system and attract wandering cells to the tissue; connective
33
What are wandering cells and what tissue is it found in
move throughout tissue, are components of the immune system, help repair damaged ECM; arise from leukocytes and protect body from harm; connective
34
What is the function of a mast cell and what tissue is it found in
they secrete heparin to inhibit blood clotting and histamine to dilate blood vessel; connective
35
Where do plasma cells come from, what is their function, and what tissue is it found in
arise from B-lymphocytes and produce antibodies
36
What are free macrophages and what tissue is it found in
mobile, phagocytic cells that wander the tissue
37
What are the other leukocytes in connective tissue and what do they do
neutrophils and T-lymphocytes; attack foreign materials
38
What are the 3 protein fibers(just list them)
collagen, reticular, elastic
39
What are collagen fibers
long fibers that are strong, flexible, and resistant to stretching
40
What are reticular fibers
fibers that contain the same protein subunits found in collagen; produces an interwoven framework that is tough but flexible
41
What are elastic fibers
fibers that contain elastin and have the ability to stretch and recoil easily
42
What is ground substance in connective tissue
non-cellular material produced by connective tissue cells that interact with protein fibers to form the ECM
43
What are the 3 types of molecules located in ground substance
glycosaminoglycans(GAGs), proteoglycan, adherent glycoproteins
44
What are glycosaminoglycans(GAGs)
a polysaccharide that attracts and absorbs water affecting the fluidity of the ECM
45
What is the function adherent glycoproteins
act like glue to bond connective tissue cells and fibers to the ground substance
46
What is a proteoglycan
a GAG linked to a protein
47
What are the functions of connective tissue
physical protection, support and structural framework, binding of structures, storage, transport, and immune protection
48
What are the 3 types of connective tissue
1.) Connective Tissue Proper 2.) Supportive Connective Tissue 3.) Fluid Connective Tissue
49
What are the two types of Connective tissue proper
- loose connective tissue - dense connective tissue
50
What is the structure and function of loose connective tissue(an examples)
fewer cells and protein fibers than dense connective tissue; support surrounding structures in the body ex. areolar, adipose, reticular
51
What is the structure and function of dense connective tissue(and examples)
composed primarily of fibers with less ground substance than loose connective tissue ex. regular, irregular, and elastic
52
What is the function and location of areolar connective tissue
Function: protects, binds, and provides nourishment Location: the papillary layer of the dermis, subcutaneous layer, surrounding organs, nerve and muscle cells, and blood cells
53
What are the functions and locations of adipose connective tissue
Functions: stores energy, insulates, cushions, and protects Locations: subcutaneous layer, around some organs
54
What are the functions and locations of reticular CT
Functions: provides supportive, structural framework of lymphatic organs Locations: spleen, lymph nodes, and red bone marrow
55
What are the functions and Locations of dense regular CT
Function: attaches bone to bone, resists stress in one direction Locations: tendons and ligaments, few blood vessels
56
What are the functions and locations of dense irregular CT
Functions: provides support and resistance to stress in multiple directions Locations: dermis of skin, periosteum of bone, perichondrium of cartilage, capsules around internal organs
57
What is the function and location of elastic CT
Function: allows to stretch and recoil Location: walls of large arteries, trachea, and vocal cords
58
What are the 2 types of supporting connective tissue
cartilage(elastic, hyaline, and fibrous) and bone
59
What is cartilage and how does it differ from CT proper
firm, semisolid ECM with collagen and elastic fibers; it is stronger and more resilient than connective tissue proper
60
What is bones and its function
makes up a solid ECM that provides support to the body by providing levers for movement; provides support to soft tissues and protects vital body organs
61
What are chondrocytes
mature cartilage cells
62
What are lacunae
small spaces within cartilage ECM that house chondrocytes
63
What is the perichondrium
dense irregular connective tissue covering that surrounds cartilage
64
What are the functions and locations of hyaline cartilage
Function: support Locations: nose, trace, larynx, costal cartilage, articular ends of long bones, most of fetal skeleton
65
What are the functions and locations of fibrocartilage
Functions: weight-bearing resists compression; acts as a shock absorber Locations: intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, menisci of knee joint
66
What are the functions and locations of elastic cartilage
Functions: maintains shape; provides flexibility Locations: external ear and epiglottis
67
What does an osteoblast do
deposits bone matrix
68
What are osteocytes and what do they do
mature bone cells; maintains bone tissue
69
What are the 2 types of bone tissue
compact bone: a form of perforated bone created by osteons spongy bone: a latticework of bone connective tissue that is very strong and lightweight
70
What are the two classifications of fluid connective tissue
Blood and lymph
71
What are the formed elements of blood
erythrocytes(RBC's), leukocytes(WBC's), and cellular fragments called platelets(thrombocytes)
72
What is the element that is within blood and is a liquid ground substance
plasma
73
What is lymph
a liquid ground substance with no cellular components of fragments

Anatomy 1 (5 decks)

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