Chapt 3 Flashcards
What is energy
Capacity to do work
What is chemical energy & what class of energy is it
Energy stored in a molecule’s chemical bonds
What are the important molecules that function in chemical energy for humans
Triglycerides= long term energy storage
Glucose = short term energy storage
ATP = immediate energy usage
What is an exergonic reaction
Energy is released during the course of a breakdown (ex. Decomposition reaction)
What is an endergonic reaction
Energy is put into a reaction (ex. Synthesis reaction)
What kind of classification of a chemical reaction is when reactants converted to products that at a rate that yields a total loss of reactants and a total gain in products
Irreversible reactions: A + B-> AB or AB-> A+B
What kind of classification of a chemical reaction is when reactants become products at a rate equal to products becoming reactants (when equilibrium is reached)
Reversible reaction: ex: A+B <—> AB
What is the ATP cycling
Continuous formation & breakdown of ATP; includes ATP formation(endergonic reaction: synthesis) & ATP splitting (exergonic reaction; decomposition)
What is a reaction rate
Measure of now quickly a chemical reaction takes place; determines the amount of product formed per time
What is activation energy
Energy required to break existing chemical bonds for the chemical reaction to proceed
What are enzymes
Biologically active catalyst; speed up reaction by lowering the activation energy
What is the enzyme structure
Globular proteins with a unique 3D structure
What is an active site
Site where enzymes bind substrates
What is an enzyme - substrate complex
Structure that is formed when an enzyme is bound to its substrate @ the active size
An enzyme binds to ______ substrate, therefore an enzyme can catalyze ______ type of reaction
1
What are the fates of enzymes
Remain in cell, become embedded in the plasma membrane, secreted from the cell
What are the steps in an enzymatic reaction
1.) substrate binds to active site of enzyme: creates enzyme substrate complex
2.) an induced fit mold of the enzyme occurs that causes the enzyme to bind the substrate tighter
3.) stress is applied to the substrates chemical bonds, lowering Ea and break bonds
4.) product of the reaction is released from the enzyme and the enzyme repeats process
What is the effect of enzyme & substrate concentration
Rate of chemical reaction is accelerated by an increase in enzyme concentration or substrate concentration
What is involved with enzyme saturation
So much substrate is present that all enzymes specific to that substrate are actively engaged in the chemical reaction, results in no more reactions occurring & no increases in reaction rates
What are the effects of temp on enzyme reactions & what point does it start to denature
Temp increase = enzyme activity increase; 104°F
What are effects of pH on enzyme reactions & what is optimal
Increase in H+ ->acidic environment->denaturation of enzyme
decrease in H+->basic environment->denaturation of enzyme
optimal pH: between 6 & 8
What is cellular respiration
Multistep metabolic pathway that disassembles organic molecules (glucose, fatty acids, amino acids) by a series of enzymes
What are the processes of cellular respiration
1.) processes exergonic or energy releasing
2.) molecules are oxidized bc they release high-energy electrons
3.) energy released synthesis ATP LAN endergonic or energy- requiring)
4) O2 is required for max ATP production
What is glucose oxidation
Occurs within cells & is an enzymatic breakdown of glucose & energy release; all to create ATP
