Chapter 1 - We Are Made of Star Stuff Flashcards
(16 cards)
Atomic Theory
- All matter is composed of infinitely small particles called atoms
- All atoms of given elements are identical to each other and different from other elements
- 2+ elements can combine in a fixed ratio to form a compound
- Matter cannot be created nor destroyed
What are the 3 subatomic particles?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
What is the charge of a proton and its mass?
Positive charge and 1 au mass
What is the charge of a neutron and its mass?
No charge and 1 au mass
What is the charge of an electron and its mass?
Negative charge and no mass
What is an ion?
An atom that has a different number of electrons; they have a positive or negative charge depending on if they gained or lost an electron
What is an isotope?
An atom that has a different number of neutrons; they don’t have a charge but they have a different mass
What is a molecule?
Groups of atoms that are temporarily associated by intramolecular bonds
What type of bonds are atoms attached by?
Intramolecular bonds
Covalent bonds occur when…
Atoms SHARE electrons; you can tell when a bond in a molecule is covalent because it’s denoted by a straight line between the 2 atoms
Nonpolar covalent bond
Electrons are shared equally and have a neutral charge
Polar covalent bond
1 of the atoms is an electron hog because it has a stronger electronegativity compared to the other. atoms
Ionic bond
An atom STEALS an electron from the other creating a negative ion (electron stealer) and a positive ion (victim)
Are ionic bonds intermolecular or intramolecular
Intramolecular (they occur between atoms of a molecule)
Why do intermolecular bonds occur?
Due to dipole-dipole attraction
A hydrogen bond is a type of intermolecular dipole-dipole attraction where the molecules need to be ionic or polar. Where do hydrogen bonds occur?
Between partially positively charged hydrogen atoms of 1 molecule and partially negatively charged regions of another molecule
