Lab Quiz 3

Question 1

Diffusion

Answer 1

The movement of solute molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 2

Osmosis

Answer 2

The movement of solvent molecules from an area of low solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration

Question 3

Isotonic

Answer 3

A solution that has the same concentration as the inside of a cell that results in no net movement of water across the cell membrane

Question 4

Hypertonic

Answer 4

Water exits the cell which leads to the cell shrinking

Question 5

Hypotonic

Answer 5

Water enters the cell which leads to the cell swelling

Question 6

How does osmosis differ for a plant cell vs animal cell

Answer 6

A plant cell maintains shape while the animal cell bursts. The plants have a cell wall which provides structural support that prevents it from bursting

Question 7

If a plant cell were placed in a hypotonic solution, how would the appearance of these cells differ from an animal cell as osmosis occurred?

Answer 7

The plant cell’s chloroplasts are pushed to the cell edges. The animal cells burst/are swollen

Question 8

If a plant cell were placed in a hypertonic solution, how would the appearance of these cells differ from an animal cell as osmosis occurred?

Answer 8

The plant cell would appear shrunken and the animal cell would be shriveled and irregularly shaped

Question 9

How does molecular weight (the size of a molecule) influence the rate of diffusion?

Answer 9

The smaller the molecular weight, the faster the rate of diffusion. Small, nonpolar molecules diffuse easily across a membrane while large or polar molecules do not

Question 10

What is facilitated diffusion? Does it require a protein transport channel? Does it require energy? What molecules use it? What direction do the molecules travel?

Answer 10

Facilitated diffusion is when molecules move down their concentration gradient (high to low) through a protein channel.
- Requires a protein channel
- Doesn’t require ATP
- Used for large, polar molecules that can’t pass through the lipid bilayer on their own
- Molecules move down

Question 11

What is active transport? Does it require a protein transport channel? Does it require energy? What molecules use it? What direction do the molecules travel?

Answer 11

Active transport is when molecules move against their concentration gradient using ATP and a transport protein.
- Requires a protein channel
- Requires ATP
- Used for molecules that need to be concentrated inside/outside the cell
- Molecules move up

Question 12

What is endocytosis? Does it require a protein transport channel? Does it require energy? What molecules use it? What direction do the molecules travel?

Answer 12

Endocytosis is when the cell engulfs external substances by forming a vesicle around them which brings them inside the cell.
- Doesn’t require a protein channel
- Requires ATP
- Used for large particles like bacterial cells or large quantities of materials
- Moves material into the cell but in no direction

Question 13

What is exocytosis? Does it require a protein transport channel? Does it require energy? What molecules use it? What direction do the molecules travel?

Answer 13

Exocytosis is when vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane which releases their contents outside of the cell.
- Doesn’t require a protein channel
- Requires ATP
- Used for large molecules like proteins, neurotransmitters, and hormones
- Moves material out of the cell but in no direction

Question 14

Which organelle has the function of providing ATP energy for a cell?

Answer 14

Mitochondria

Question 15

What would likely be a consequence if a cell lacked mitochondria?

Answer 15

Severe energy deficiency