Chapter 3 - Cells Flashcards
(14 cards)
What are the two types of cells?
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Prokaryotic cells
- Simple
- Lack membrane-bound organelles
- DNA is freely bundled in the nucleoid
Eukaryotic cells
- Complex
- Membrane bound nucleus
- Compartmentalized organelles
- Perform distinct functions but maintain internal function
- Different eukaryotic organisms vary in their cellular makeup
Cell membrane
Has a phospholipid bilayer that has various channel proteins in the membrane for transport of molecules in and out
Cytoplasm
The fluid that all organelles are in
- Contains proteins and sugars
- The fluid nature ensures that the contents of the cell aren’t fixed in one position
Nucleus
Largest organelle in the animal cell
- Contains a nucleolus
- Controls cell activity
- Contains genetic information that are in chromosomes
- Contains ribosomes
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell
- ATP is produced here
Golgi apparatus
Processes & packs proteins and lipids produced by the cell
- “Post office” processes and assigns destinations
Ribosomes
Responsible for producing proteins
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Has ribosomes on the surface and packs & processes proteins made by ribosomes
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Has no ribosomes and synthesizes lipids, phospholipids, and steroids
- Responsible for detoxification of harmful chemicals
Lysosome
Contains digestive enzymes that engulf old organelles, food, and bacteria
Peroxisome
Contains enzymes which remove peroxides and harmful oxides from the cell
The 1st eukaryotic cell originated from a prokaryotic cell - endosymbiont theory
The cell engulfed a small, aerobic prokaryote and the bacteria escaped digestion which allowed the host cell to use oxygen and generate energy causing it to evolve into the mitochondria
