Chapter 10

Question 1

What components of the environment can be affected by pesticides?

Answer 1

air, soil, water, plants, animals, houses, restaurants, office buildings, factories, and all that they contain

Question 2

What are the three way we release pesticides into the environment

Answer 2

Applying them
Spilling them
Disposing them

Question 3

what is phytotoxicity?

Answer 3

plant injury via pesticide

Question 4

what conditions makes phytotoxicity more likely to occur?

Answer 4

if pesticide is applied at too high a rate, at the wrong time, under unfavorable environmental conditions

Question 5

How can fish, wildlife, livestock, and insects be exposed to and harmed by pesticides?

Answer 5

can kill beneficial insects that are in a treated area
Fish kills from water pollution by a pesticide
Birds can ingest pesticide granules, consume treated crops, or drink contaminated water
animals can feed on plants or animals that were exposed to pesticides

Question 6

What steps can you take to protect bees from pesticides?

Answer 6

read the label and follow label instructions
determine whether bees are foraging on the target area
use pesticides and formulations that are least hazardous to bees
choose the least hazardous application method (EC safer than powder and dust, microencapsulated are highest risk)
apply pesticides when bees are not foraging such as in the evening
do not spray when weeds or desirable plants are in bloom
do not treat an entire area when a spot treatment will do the job

Question 7

What is solubility and how does it effect the movement of a pesticide?

Answer 7

Solubility is a measure of a pesticides ability to dissolve in a solvent

pesticides that are highly soluble in water dissolve easily and are more likely to move with water

Question 8

What is adsorption and how does it effect the movement of a pesticide?

Answer 8

Adsorption is the process whereby a pesticide is attracted and binds to soil particles.

pesticides that adsorb tightly to soil particles are less likely to move off site

Question 9

What is persistence and how does it effect the movement of a pesticide?

Answer 9

Persistence is the ability of a pesticide to remain present and active in its original form for an extended period before breaking down

Pesticide stays for long and can harm other living things for longer if they enter the treated site

Question 10

What is degradation and how does it effect the movement of a pesticide?

Answer 10

Degradation is the break down of pesticide compounds into simpler and often less toxic chemicals. can be broken down my chemical reaction, microorganisms, or sunlight

Question 11

What is volatility and how does it effect the movement of a pesticide?

Answer 11

Volatility is the tendency or a pesticide to turn into a gas or vapor.

Question 12

How can pesticides move from the site of release and where do they end up?

Answer 12

Pesticides move in water, in air, attached to soil particles, or in objects. They end up in the air, sufferance water, groundwater, soil

Question 13

Drift

Answer 13

pesticides movement away from the application site. May drift as spray droplets, vapors or solid particles

Question 14

Runoff

Answer 14

surface movement off the treated site

Question 15

Leaching

Answer 15

downward movement through the soil

Question 16

Secondary Poisoning

Answer 16

Pesticides remaining on or in dead animals that harms predators that feed on them

Question 17

What areas are particularly sensitive to pesticides?

Answer 17

playgrounds 
grounds of schools, hospitals or similar institutions 
habitats for endangered species 
surface water 
apiaries 
domestic animal and livestock areas 
ornamental planting and public gardens 
where people live, work shop etc. 
where food and feed is processed 
where domestic animals live

Question 18

How do county bulletins protect endangered species form pesticides?

Answer 18

Under the endangered species act of law administered by the US fish and wildlife service it is illegal to kill, harm, or collect endangered or threatened wildlife. The EPA must ensure that no registered pesticide use is likely to jeopardize the survival of any endangered or threatened species. Pesticide products that may adversely affect an an endagered species carry a label statement instructing applicators to consult a county bulletin to determine if they must take special precautionary measures when using the product