chapter 10

Question 1

autotrophs

Answer 1

producers “self feeders”

Question 2

photoautotrophes

Answer 2

use sunlight to make food

Question 3

heterotrophs

Answer 3

consumers
get energy from other organism

Question 4

chloroplast

Answer 4

site of photosynthesis

Question 5

mesophyll cells

Answer 5

internal cells in chloroplasts where photosynthesis occures

Question 6

stomata

Answer 6

tiny pores in the leaf that plants can open and close base on environmental conditions

Question 7

stroma

Answer 7

dense fluid in the chloroplasts

Question 8

thylakoids

Answer 8

connected sacs in the chloroplast that composes a third membrane system

Question 9

thylakoid space

Answer 9

space inside the thylakoid membrane

Question 10

chlorophyll

Answer 10

pigment that makes plants green

Question 11

what is oxidized in photosynthesis and what is reduces

Answer 11

H2O oxidized
CO2 reduced

Question 12

is photosynthesis endergonic or exergonic reaction

Answer 12

endergonic

Question 13

parts of photosynthesis

Answer 13

light reactions and Calvin cycle

Question 14

steps of light reactions

Answer 14

get electrons and H+ from splitting H2O
release O2
Reduce the electron acceptor from NADP+ to NADPH
get ATP from ADP by phosphorylation

Question 15

what does the calvin cycle do

Answer 15

makes sugar from CO2 using the ATP and NADPH from light reactions

Question 16

carbon fixation

Answer 16

incorporating CO2 into organic molecules (start of calvin cycle)

Question 17

where does the calvin cycle happen

Answer 17

in the stroma

Question 18

where do the light reactions happen

Answer 18

thylakoid

Question 19

wavelength

Answer 19

distance between the crests of electromagnetic waves

Question 20

electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 20

the range of electromagnetic energy or radiation

Question 21

visible light

Answer 21

wavelengths 380 nm to 740 nm
colors seen by the human eye

Question 22

photons

Answer 22

partial of light

Question 23

pigments

Answer 23

absorb visible light

Question 24

spectrophotometer

Answer 24

measures a pigment’s ability to absorb various wavelength

Question 25

chlorophyll a

Answer 25

the key light capturing pigment that participates directly in light reactions

Question 26

chlorophyll b

Answer 26

accessory pigment

Question 27

action spectrum

Answer 27

a profile of relative effectiveness of different wavelengths

Question 28

why is the absorbable different between chlorophyll a and b

Answer 28

the structure is slightly different

Question 29

carotenoids

Answer 29

yellow or orange accessory pigments that absorb violet and blue-green light

Question 30

photosystem

Answer 30

has a reaction-center complex surrounded by light harvesting complexes

Question 31

reaction-center complex

Answer 31

an association of proteins holding a special pair of chlorophyll a molecules and a primary electron acceptor

Question 32

light harvesting complex

Answer 32

has various pigment molecules bound to proteins

Question 33

primary electron acceptor

Answer 33

in the reaction center accepts excited electrons and is reduced as a result

Question 34

photosystem II (PSII)

Answer 34

(1st) called P680 its reaction-center chlorophyll is best at absorbing light

Question 35

photosystem I (PSI)

Answer 35

(best at absorbing light with a wavelength of 700

Question 36

linear electron flow

Answer 36

the primary pathway, involves both photosystem and produces atp and NADH using light energy

Question 37

cyclic electron flow

Answer 37

excited electrons cycle back from Fd to cytochrome complex instead of being transferred to NADP+ - produces extra atp but no oxygen

Question 38

what side is ATP and NAPH made in photosynthesis

Answer 38

stroma side of the thylakoid membrane (making them availible in the calvin cycle)

Question 39

is the calvin cycle catabolic or anabolic

Answer 39

anabolic because it bilds sugars from smaller molecules

Question 40

how does carbon enter the calvincycle

Answer 40

CO2

Question 41

how does carbon leave the calvin cycle

Answer 41

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)

Question 42

how many turns in the calvin cycyle to make G3P

Answer 42

3

Question 43

phase 1 of calvin cycle

Answer 43

carbon fixation

Question 44

carbon fixation

Answer 44

binding CO2 to a five-carbon sugar which is catalyzed by rubisco - six carbon molecule is split into two 3-phosphoglycerate

Question 45

reduction

Answer 45

-Each molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate is phosphorylated by ATP and reduction by NADPH to ultimately produce a G3P sugar - For every three CO2 molecules that enter the cycle, six molecules of G3P are formed -Only one of these can be counted as a net gain of carbohydrate

Question 46

regeneration of CO2 acceptor

Answer 46

-The remaining five molecules of G3P are rearranged in a complex series of reactions yielding three molecules of RuBP -Three additional molecules of ATP are used to facilitate the regeneration of RuBP

Question 47

for one G3P how many atp and nadph are needed?

Answer 47

9 atp and 6 nadph

Question 48

what happens when it is hot and dry to plants

Answer 48

close stomata to conserve H2Obut limits photosynthesis

Question 49

photorespiration

Answer 49

plat closing stomata and reducing acess to CO2 and building up O2

Question 50

C3 plants

Answer 50

the initial fixation of CO2, via rubisco, forms a three carbon compound (most plants)

Question 51

photorespiration

Answer 51

rubisco binds to O2 instead of CO2 producing a two carbon compound

Question 52

why is photorespiration bad

Answer 52

t consumes O2 and organic fuel withought making atp

Question 53

how much energy is being wasted through photorespiration

Answer 53

50%

Question 54

C4 plants

Answer 54

take CO2 and make a 4 carbon compund then release CO2 when it is needed to make rubisco work better

Question 55

which uses less water C4 or C3 plants

Answer 55

c4

Question 56

how many G3P in glucose?

Answer 56

2