Chapter 12

Question 1

genetics

Answer 1

the study of heredity and inherited variation

Question 2

transmission genetics

Answer 2

• principles of heredity
• how traits are passed from generation to the next
• focus on individual organism

Question 3

molecular genetics

Answer 3

structure, function, and regulation of genes
-how genes are encoded, replicated, and expressed

Question 4

population genetics

Answer 4

Evolution
- genetic composition of populations
- how genetic composition changed geographically

Question 5

cell division

Answer 5

continuity of life based on the reproduction of cells

Question 6

what happens in cell division

Answer 6

more cells + more genetic material

Question 7

genome

Answer 7

all the genetic instructions

Question 8

how many DNAs in a genome

Answer 8

in a prokaryote 1 in a eukaryote could be many

Question 9

somatic cells

Answer 9

nonreproductive cells with two sets of chromosomes

Question 10

sex cells

Answer 10

reproductive cells (half as many chromosomes as somatic cells)

Question 11

mitosis

Answer 11

division of somatic cells

Question 12

meiosis

Answer 12

division germ/sex cells (gametes)

Question 13

mitotic chromosomes

Answer 13

most highly condensed form of dna

Question 14

nuclear division

Answer 14

mitosis

Question 15

what do cells do to prepare for cell division

Answer 15

DNA is replicated and chromosomes condense

Question 16

what does each duplicated chromosome have

Answer 16

sister chromatids

Question 17

centromere

Answer 17

the waist of the duplicated chromosome where the sister chromatids are attatched

Question 18

telomeres

Answer 18

tips of linear chromosomes

Question 19

centromere

Answer 19

attaching point for spindle microtubules

Question 20

what happens in interphase

Answer 20

the cell prepares for cell division by growing and replicating its chromosomes

Question 21

what happens during S phase

Answer 21

DNA is synthesized (replicated)

Question 22

phases of mitosis

Answer 22

prophase
prometaphase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

Question 23

what happens after mitosis

Answer 23

cytokinesis

Question 24

g1 phase

Answer 24

growth phase

Question 25

G2 phase

Answer 25

2nd growth phase

Question 26

cytokinesis

Answer 26

division of cytoplasm

Question 27

prophase

Answer 27

chromosomes are condensed mitotic spindle forms

Question 28

prometaphase

Answer 28

the nuclear membrane disintegrates spindle microdubules attaché to chomatids

Question 29

metaphase

Answer 29

chromosomes line up

Question 30

anaphase

Answer 30

sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles

Question 31

telophase

Answer 31

the nuclear membrane reformed and chromosomes relax

Question 32

mitotic spindle

Answer 32

structure made of microtubules that controls chromosome movement during mitosis

Question 33

centrosome

Answer 33

at the polar ends of a cell have microtubules attached

Question 34

kinetochore

Answer 34

a protein complex associated with centromeres

Question 35

metaphase plate

Answer 35

an imaginary plane midway between two poles where chromosomes line up

Question 36

cleavage furrow

Answer 36

a shallow grove in the cells surface near the old metaphase plate