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Biology > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Conversion of light energy to chemical energy stored in organic compounds

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2
Q

Autotrophs

A

Organisms that get food without eating other organisms

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3
Q

What type of autotrophs are plants

A

Photoautotroph

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4
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Organism that is fueled by eating other organisms

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5
Q

Mesophyll cells

A

Leaf cells specialized for photosynthesis

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6
Q

What cells are chloroplast found

A

Mesophyll cells

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7
Q

Stomata

A

Microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells which allow for gas exchange

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8
Q

Chlorophyll

A

Green pigment found in thylakoid membrane of chloroplast

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9
Q

Formula for photosynthesis

A

6(CO2)+6(H2O)+light➡️ C6H12O6+6O2

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10
Q

What is reduced in photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide which is reduced to glucose

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11
Q

What is oxidized in photosynthesis

A

H2O which is oxidized to Oxygen

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12
Q

How is carbon dioxide reduced in photosynthesis

A

Electrons from water is transferred to it

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13
Q

Light reactions

A

Converts solar energy to chemical energy releasing oxygen

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14
Q

Calvin cycle

A

Fixation of atmospheric CO2 and reducing it to carbohydrate

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15
Q

NADP

A

NAD with phosphate group attached to it

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16
Q

NADP+

A

Oxidized form of NADP which accepts electrons

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17
Q

NADPH

A

reduced form of NADP which stores and donates energized electrons

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18
Q

Photophosphorylation

A

Process of making ATP using chemiosmosis across thylakoid membrane in light reactions

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19
Q

Carbon fixation

A

Initial incorporation of carbon from CO2 into organic molecules by autotrophic organisms

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20
Q

Wavelength

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A

Distance between crest of waves

21
Q

Photons

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A

quantity of light energy that behaves as if it were a particle

22
Q

Pigments

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A

Substances that absorb light

23
Q

What colors are absorbed by chlorophyll

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A

Violet-blue & red light

24
Q

Absorption spectrum

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A

Range of pigments ability to absorb various wavelengths of light

25
Chlorophyll a
Main pigment in chlorophyll which is directly involved in light reactions
26
The 2 Accessory pigments
Chlorophyll b & carotenoids
27
Photosystem
Light capturing unit in membrane consisting of a reaction-center complex surrounded by light harvesting units
28
Reaction center complex
Complex of proteins with a pair of chlorophyll a molecule & primary electron acceptor
29
Light harvesting complex
Complex of proteins associated with pigment molecules that capture light & transfer it to reaction center pigments in photosystems
30
Function of primary electron acceptors in photosystems
Capture excited electrons of chlorophyll a
31
Photosystem 2
Has 2 molecules of P680 chlorophyll at reaction center
32
Photosystem 1
Contains 2 molecules of p700 chlorophyll a at its reaction center
33
Linear electron flow
Route of electrons flow during light reactions that involves both photosystems
34
What are the products in linear electron
ATP,NADH, & oxygen
35
Cyclic energy flow
Route of electrons in light reactions which involve only one photosystem; only produces ATP
36
Where does cyclic energy flow occur
Photosystem 1
37
Direction of H+ during chemiosmosis in chloroplast
H+ diffuse from thylakoid space to stroma through ATP synthase
38
How many molecules of CO2 is used to produce 1 G3P
3 CO2
39
Rubisco (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase)
The enzyme that catalyzes CO2 and RuBP reaction
40
How much NADPH and ATP is used in the calvin cycle
9 ATP and 6 NADH
41
What causes O2 to build up in C3 plants
In hot temperatures stomata closes to conserve water. This builds up O2 but loses CO2
42
C3 plants
Plant that uses the initial steps of rubisco adding CO2 to ruBP in the calvin cycle
43
Photorespiration
Metabolic pathway that uses O2 & ATP, releasing CO2 reducing photosynthetic output
44
When does photorespiration most likely occur
Hot days
45
C4 plants
Plants that form 4-carbon compound as its first molecule
46
Bundle sheath cells
Cells arranged into tightly packed sheath ls around the veins of a leaf
47
PEP carboxylase features
Higher affinity for CO2 than rubisco and no affinity for O2
48
PEP carboxylase
Enzyme that adds CO2 to PEP to make oxalacetate in mesophyll cells of C4 plants
49
Crassulacean acid metabolism
Plants fix CO2 into variety of organic acid at night and release organic molecules at day

Biology (15 decks)

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