Chapter 10

Question 1

Area 17

Answer 1

Primary visual cortex.

Question 2

Area IT

Answer 2

An area of neocortex, on the inferior surface of the temporal lobe, that is part of the ventral visual processing stream; contains neurons with responses to complex objects, including faces, and appears to be involved in visual memory.

Question 3

Area LIP

Answer 3

See lateral intraparietal cortex.

Question 4

Area MT

Answer 4

An area of neocortex, at the junction of the parietal and temporal lobes, that receives input from primary visual cortex and appears to be specialized for the processing of object motion; also called V5.

Question 5

Area V4

Answer 5

An area of neocortex, anterior to striate cortex, that is in the ventral visual processing stream and appears to be important for both shape perception and color perception.

Question 6

Binocular Receptive Field

Answer 6

The receptive field of a neuron that responds to stimulation of either eye.

Question 7

Binocular Visual Field

Answer 7

The portion of the visual field viewed by both eyes.

Question 8

Complex Cell

Answer 8

A type of visual cortical neuron that has an orientation-selective receptive field without distinct ON and OFF subregions.

Question 9

Cortical Module

Answer 9

The unit of cerebral cortex that is necessary and sufficient to analyze one discrete point in a sensory surface.

Question 10

Cytochrome Oxidase

Answer 10

A mitochondrial enzyme concentrated in cells that form the blobs in primary visual cortex.

Question 11

Direction Selectivity

Answer 11

The property of cells in the visual system that respond only when stimuli move within a limited range of directions.

Question 12

Koniocellular LGN Layer

Answer 12

A layer of the lateral geniculate nucleus containing very small cells, lying just ventral to each magnocellular and parvocellular layer.

Question 13

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)

Answer 13

A thalamic nucleus that relays information from the retina to the primary visual cortex.

Question 14

Magnocellular LGN Layer

Answer 14

A layer of the lateral geniculate nucleus receiving synaptic input from M-type retinal ganglion cells.

Question 15

Ocular Dominance Column

Answer 15

A region of striate cortex receiving information predominantly from one eye.

Question 16

Optic Chiasm

Answer 16

The structure in which the right and left optic nerves converge and partially decussate (cross) to form the optic tracts.

Question 17

Optic Tectum

Answer 17

A term used to describe the superior colliculus, particularly in nonmammalian vertebrates.

Question 18

Optic Radiation

Answer 18

A collection of axons coursing from the lateral geniculate nucleus to the visual cortex.

Question 19

Optic Tract

Answer 19

A collection of retinal ganglion cell axons stretching from the optic chiasm to the brain stem. Important targets of the optic tract are the lateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus.

Question 20

Orientation Column

Answer 20

A column of visual cortical neurons stretching from layer II to layer VI that responds best to the same stimulus orientation.

Question 21

Orientation Selectivity

Answer 21

The property of a cell in the visual system that responds to a limited range of stimulus orientations.

Question 21

Parvocellular LGN Layer

Answer 21

A layer of the lateral geniculate nucleus receiving synaptic input from P-type retinal ganglion cells.

Question 22

Primary Visual Cortex

Answer 22

Brodmann’s area 17, located at the pole of the occipital lobe; also called striate cortex and V1.

Question 23

Retinofugal Projection

Answer 23

A neural pathway that carries information away from the eye.

Question 24

Retinotectal Projection

Answer 24

A neural pathway that carries information from the retina to the superior colliculus.

Question 25

Retinotopy

Answer 25

The topographic organization of visual pathways in which neighboring cells on the retina send information to neighboring cells in a target structure.

Question 26

Simple Cell

Answer 26

A neuron found in primary visual cortex that has an elongated orientation-selective receptive field with distinct ON and OFF subregions.

Question 27

Striate Cortex

Answer 27

Primary visual cortex, Brodmann’s area 17; also called V1.

Question 28

Superior Colliculus

Answer 28

A structure in the tectum of the midbrain that receives direct retinal input and controls saccadic eye movements.

Question 29

V1

Answer 29

Primary visual cortex or striate cortex.

Question 30

Visual Hemifield

Answer 30

The half of the visual field to one side of the fixation point.