Chapter 10

Question 1

excessive self love and self absorption

Answer 1

narcissism

Question 2

emotions are categorized along two dimensions: ____________ (positive versus negative) and __________ (low versus high)

Answer 2

valence, arousal

Question 3

the desire to perform a behavior to recieve promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment

Answer 3

extrinsic motivation

Question 4

ostracism elicits increased actvity in brain areas like the

Answer 4

anterior cingulate cortex

Question 5

the carbohydrates in pizza and chips boost levels of the neurotransmitter ______________

Answer 5

seratonin

Question 6

5 basic emotions

Answer 6

1. anger
2. fear
3. disgust
4. sadness
5. happiness

Question 7

the idea that moderate arousal leads to optimal performance

Answer 7

Yerkes-Dodson law

Question 8

hunger triggering hormone secreted by the hypothalamus

Answer 8

orexin

Question 9

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Answer 9

motivations

Question 10

four situational influences on eating

Answer 10

1. friends
2. serving size
3. stimulating selections and food variety
4. nudging nutrition

Question 11

higher order needs that result from a desire to grow and reach full potential

Answer 11

growth needs

Question 12

human motivation aims not to eliminate arousal but to seek ___________ levels of arousal

Answer 12

optimum

Question 13

a psychological phenomenon that occurs when people incorrectly identify the cause of their physiological arousal

Answer 13

misattribution of arousal

Question 14

sharing ourselves, our joys, worries, and weaknesses

Answer 14

self disclosure

Question 15

the need for social interaction

Answer 15

need for affiliation (nAff)

Question 16

the theory that our experience of emotion occurs when we become aware of our physiological responses to a stimulus

Answer 16

James-Lange theory

Question 17

the need to build and maintain relationships and to feel part of a group

Answer 17

affiliation need

Question 18

the desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake

Answer 18

intrinsic motivation

Question 19

the theory that there is a genetic basis for unlearned, species type behavior

Answer 19

instinct theory

Question 20

the insula is activated when we experience various ____________ social emotions

Answer 20

negative

Question 21

the idea that arousal spills over from one event to the next

Answer 21

spillover effect

Question 22

self actualization is temporarily achieved during ______ experiences

Answer 22

peak

Question 23

the theory to maintain an optimal level arousal motivates behaviors that meet no physiological need

Answer 23

arousal theory

Question 24

founders of the two factor theory

Answer 24

Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer

Question 25

hierarchy of needs (bottom to top)

Answer 25

1. physiological needs - satisfy hunger and thirst 2. safety needs - need to feel safe, secure, and stable 3. belongingness and love needs - need to love and be loved 4. esteem needs - need for self esteem, achievement, and competence 5. self actualization needs - need to live up to our fullest and unqiue potential 6. self transcendence - need to find meaning and identity beyond the self

Question 26

the theory that cognitive appraisal occurs without our awareness and defines emotion

Answer 26

Lazarus theory

Question 27

passionate dedication to an ambitious long term goal

Answer 27

grit

Question 28

the tendency of behavior to influence our own and other's thoughts, feelings, and actions

Answer 28

behavior feedback effect

Question 29

the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness

Answer 29

facial feedback effect

Question 30

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

Answer 30

instinct

Question 31

the belief that individuals have control over their own actions an outcome

Answer 31

internal locus of control

Question 32

the level at which a person's weight settles in response to caolric intake and expenditure

Answer 32

settling point

Question 33

arousal ______ emotion, cognition ___________ it

Answer 33

fuels, channels

Question 34

the maintenence of a steady internal state

Answer 34

homeostasis

Question 35

Western Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and North America are all cultures that encourage _________________ and ____________ influence

Answer 35

individuality, personal

Question 36

deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups

Answer 36

ostracism

Question 37

lower order needs that arise from deprivation and must be met in order to avoid unplesant consequences

Answer 37

deficiency needs

Question 38

the point of stable weight

Answer 38

set point

Question 39

depression prone people and those with negative perspectives have more activity in the ______ _________ _____

Answer 39

right frontal lobe

Question 40

the desire to attain realistic and challenging goals

Answer 40

need for achievment (nAch)

Question 41

positive moods tend to trigger more activity in the ______ _________ _____

Answer 41

left frontal lobe

Question 42

people sense meaning when they experience their life as having __________, _______________, and ____________

Answer 42

purpose, significance, coherence

Question 43

the theory that some embodied responses happen instantly without conscious appraisal

Answer 43

Zajonc-LeDoux theory

Question 44

digestive tract hormone; sends "not hungry" signals to brain

Answer 44

PYY

Question 45

westerners are biased towards ______________ ___________

Answer 45

enthusiastic positivity

Question 46

a basic bodily requirement

Answer 46

physiological needs

Question 47

occurs when residual physiological arousal caused by one event is transferred to a new stimulus

Answer 47

excitation transfer

Question 48

psychologists that seek ways to engage and motivate ordinary people doing ordinary jobs

Answer 48

organizational psychologists

Question 49

one neural network in the ________________ has a center that secretes appetite stimulating hormones

Answer 49

hypothalamus

Question 50

founder of the hierarchy of needs

Answer 50

Abraham Maslow

Question 51

the need to control or influence others

Answer 51

need for power (nPow)

Question 52

the form of energy that circulates in the blood and provides the major energy source for the body

Answer 52

glucose

Question 53

a hunger arousing hormone secreted by an empty stomach

Answer 53

ghrelin

Question 54

a person who seeks out intense, novel, and complex experiences, and is willing to take risks to do so; operates at a low level of arousal normally

Answer 54

sensation seeker

Question 55

the theory that we feel motivated to satisfy our needs for competence, autonomy, relatedness

Answer 55

self determination theory

Question 56

women outperform men in ___________ ___________

Answer 56

emotion detection

Question 57

dislike of unfamiliar things

Answer 57

neophobia

Question 58

four perspectives on motivation

Answer 58

1. instinct theory 2. drive reduction theory 3. arousal theory 4. hierarchy of needs

Question 59

protein hormone secreted by fat cells; causes brain to decrease hunger and increase metabolism

Answer 59

leptin

Question 60

the body's resting rate of energy output

Answer 60

basal metabolic rate

Question 61

the belief that one's behavior is influenced by external factors, such as luck, fate, or other people

Answer 61

external locus of control

Question 62

positive or negative stimuli that lure or repel us

Answer 62

incentives

Question 63

a broad emotional neural center deep inside the brain

Answer 63

insula

Question 64

part of the brain that controls fear and facial expressions

Answer 64

amygdala

Question 66

emotions are a mix of

Answer 66

1. bodily arousal 2. expressive behaviors 3. conscious experience and feelings

Question 67

the theory that emotions can only be experienced when one is physically aroused and can cognitively label the arousal

Answer 67

two factor theory

Question 68

the theory that an emotion arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers a physiological response and the experience of an emotion

Answer 68

Cannon-Bard theory

Question 69

a desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for attaining a high standard

Answer 69

achievement motivation

Question 70

a test that measures emotion linked physiological changes like heart rate, breathing, and perspiration

Answer 70

polygraph

Question 71

the idea that a physiological need creates a drive that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Answer 71

drive reduction theory