Chapter 10

Question 1

Drive theory states that deviations from ________ create
physiological needs that result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need.

Answer 1

homeostasis

Question 2

________ motivation arises from external factors or rewards.

Answer 2

extrinsic

Question 3

________ is wants or needs that direct behavior toward some goal.

Answer 3

motivation

Question 4

________ is an eating disorder characterized by an individual
maintaining body weight that is well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise.

Answer 4

Anorexia Nervosa

Question 5

Which theory asserts that each individual has an ideal body weight that is resistant to change?

Answer 5

set point

Question 6

________ motivation is based on internal feelings rather than
external rewards.

Answer 6

intrinsic

Question 7

Body dysmorphia is a ________.

Answer 7

distorted body image

Question 8

The satiety hormone is called ________.

Answer 8

Leptin

Question 9

Which of the following describes the Yerkes-Dodson law?

Answer 9

Simple tasks are performed best when arousal levels are relatively high, yet complex tasks are performed best when arousal levels are low.

Question 10

A person’s ________ rate is the amount of energy she expends in a given period of time.

Answer 10

metabolic

Question 11

________ individuals experience emotional and erotic attractions to both same-sexed individuals and opposite-sexed individuals.

Answer 11

Bisexual

Question 12

Which of the following is the time immediately following an orgasm during which an individual is incapable of experiencing another orgasm?

Answer 12

refractory period

Question 13

The ________ response cycle includes four phases including
excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.

Answer 13

sexual

Question 14

________ dysphoria is a diagnostic category in DSM-5 for individuals who do not identify with the cultural expectations associated with their biological sex.

Answer 14

gender

Question 15

The ________ complex is the part of the brain with dense
connections with a variety of sensory areas of the brain; it is
critical for classical conditioning and attaching emotional value to memory.

Answer 15

basolateral

Question 16

The facial ________ hypothesis states that facial expressions are capable of influencing our emotions.

Answer 16

feedback

Question 17

According to the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion, emotions consist of two factors: ________.

Answer 17

Physiological and cognitive

Question 18

The hierarchy of needs is the spectrum of needs ranging from basic ________ needs to ________ needs to self-actualization.

Answer 18

biological and social

Question 18

Cici firmly believes that every child deserves a loving parent. She becomes a foster parent because she knows that it is the right thing to do. Cici becomes a foster parent because of ________ motivation.

Answer 18

Intrinsic

Question 19

An infant sucking is a good example of a(n) ________.

Answer 19

instinct

Question 20

Sweating and shivering are responses created due to internal temperature fluctuations, and they are designed to bring the body back into ________.

Answer 20

homeostasis

Question 21

A(n) ________ is a subjective state of being that we often describe as our feelings. A(n) ________ refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experience.

Answer 21

emotion, mood

Question 22

Which of the following exemplifies intrinsically motivated behavior?

Answer 22

Attending a mosque because you believe it is the right thing to do.

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of homeostasis?

Question 24

Which of the following is something an advocate for arousal theory might observe?

Answer 24

When we are bored we look for excitement; when we are overexcited we wish for more peace.

Question 25

Food, shelter, and warmth represent ________ needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.

Answer 25

physiological

Question 25

Which of the following exemplifies extrinsically motivated behavior?

Answer 25

Babysitting your younger brother in order to receive your parents' approval.

Question 26

Which of the following is an example of the overjustification effect?

Answer 26

Children enjoy playing with toys until they are told they will get paid to play with toys. They may still play with toys to get paid, but they view it differently because they are getting paid.

Question 27

The ________ complex and the central ________ are both part of the amygdala.

Answer 27

basolateral; central

Question 27

Which of the following is an example of self-efficacy?

Answer 27

Naomi believes she can successfully complete law school.

Question 28

Self-worth, accomplishment, and confidence represent the ________ level of needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.

Answer 28

esteem

Question 29

Empty stomachs contract, causing both hunger pangs and the secretion of chemical messages that travel to the brain to serve as a signal to initiate feeding behavior. This is an example of ________.

Answer 29

how physiological mechanisms serve as the basis for hunger

Question 30

If you suggest that smiling can make someone feel happier, then you believe the ________.

Answer 30

facial feedback hypothesis

Question 31

Amy is a woman who feels emotional and sexual attraction for other women but not towards men. Amy is ________.

Answer 31

Homosexual, lesbian

Question 32

Research shows that receiving some sort of extrinsic reinforcement for engaging in behaviors that we enjoy leads to those behaviors ________.

Answer 32

no longer providing that same enjoyment

Question 33

Which of the following describes how the cognitive-mediational theory is different from the facial feedback hypothesis?

Answer 33

The cognitive-mediational theory suggests that our emotions are determined by our appraisal of the stimulus while the facial feedback hypothesis does not.

Question 33

Which of the following is a way that the James-Lange theory of emotion differs from the Schachter-Singer theory of emotion?

Answer 33

According to the James-Lange theory, emotions arise from physiological arousal; according to the Schachter-Singer theory, emotions include a cognitive factor and a physiological factor.

Question 34

Which of the following is a way that anorexia nervosa is different from bulimia nervosa?

Answer 34

Anorexia is associated with starvation, and bulimia is associated with binge eating.

Question 35

What is the main idea of drive theory?

Answer 35

deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs

Question 35

Some studies show that ________ motivation may not be entirely vulnerable to the effects of extrinsic reinforcements; in fact, reinforcements such as verbal praise might actually increase ________ motivation.

Answer 35

intrinsic