Chapter 12

Question 1

The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________.

Answer 1

emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

Question 2

Behavior is a product of both the situation and the person. Which of the following is an example of a situation that might influence
behavior?

Answer 2

being in a crowd of bystanders when you witness someone fainting

Question 3

________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors.

Answer 3

Dispositionism

Question 4

Social psychology is a field that studies both interpersonal and
intrapersonal behavior. Which of the following is an example of interpersonal behavior?

Answer 4

group processes

Question 5

Following an outcome, ________ are those attributions that enable us to see ourselves in favorable light.

Answer 5

self-serving bias

Question 6

What is groupthink?

Answer 6

modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus

Question 7

Which of the following best defines the Asch effect?

Answer 7

influence of the group majority on an individual’s judgment

Question 8

When it comes to social psychology, a script is a ________.

Answer 8

person’s knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

Question 9

What is modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus?

Answer 9

groupthink

Question 10

What is a social role?

Answer 10

socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

Question 11

A(n) ________ is the evaluation of or feelings toward a person,
idea, or object that are typically positive or negative.

Answer 11

attitude

Question 12

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve.

Answer 12

just-world

Question 13

The ________ effect focuses on the influence of the group majority on an individual’s judgment.

Answer 13

Asch

Question 14

Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

Answer 14

foot-in-the-door

Question 15

Which type of persuasion involves logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an argument’s worthiness?

Answer 15

central route

Question 16

Who was Stanley Milgram?

Answer 16

social psychology professor at Yale who wanted to test the defense of “I was just following orders” typically used by accused Nazis

Question 17

Which statement about groupthink is correct?

Answer 17

Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus.

Question 18

What is the main point of the Stanford prison experiment?

Answer 18

social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

Question 19

Which statement about Sternberg’s triangular theory of love is most accurate?

Answer 19

There are three components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment.

Question 20

What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram’s obedience study?

Answer 20

Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.

Question 21

Based on the discussion in your text, which of the following
strategies would effectively reduce prejudice between groups?

Answer 21

having groups meet under equal terms and cooperate on a task

Question 22

Which of the following strategies would effectively reduce racism?

Answer 22

teaching children to think independently and challenge social norms that promote racism

Question 23

When it comes to relationships, we expect to share thoughts,
feelings, and ideas in a mutual exchange called ________.

Answer 23

reciprocity

Question 24

Diane and Bruce share their intimate thoughts and emotions and are physically attracted to each other, but their love does not contain any
expectations beyond that. Their love is called ________.

Answer 24

romantic

Question 25

Roger and Joan have passion in their relationship, and they agree they will support each other. But when it comes to sharing their thoughts, they lack intimacy. Their love is called ________.

Answer 25

fatuous

Question 26

Which example best exemplifies homophily?

Answer 26

Laura and Vaughn are the same race and attend the same church. They met in their psychology class, a subject they both major in. They begin to date.

Question 27

Which of the following best exemplifies prosocial behavior?

Answer 27

Tyler visits his aunt once a week to bring her groceries.

Question 27

The ________ is demonstrated by the attack on Kitty Genovese.

Answer 27

bystander effect

Question 28

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training?

Answer 28

Simon bites his mother

Question 29

Fatima generalizes that all men are irresponsible players, cheaters, and liars. When it comes to men, Fatima may be applying ________: negative beliefs about individuals based solely on their membership in a group.

Answer 29

stereotypes

Question 30

Billie is a(n) ________ because he believes people over age 65 should have their driver’s license suspended, the elderly use up important social resources, and they occupy jobs that should belong to younger, more capable people.

Answer 30

ageist

Question 31

In California, undocumented migrants are often blamed for high unemployment in the state, although statistics show that high unemployment is not related to the number of illegal migrants. In this example, illegal migrants are victims of ________: the act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal.

Answer 31

scapegoating

Question 32

The Milgram experiment required the participation of a(n) ________ to play the part of the person being shocked because the experiment would be invalidated if the participant realized the electric shock treatment was faked.

Answer 32

confederate

Question 32

Which of the following is an example of the self-fulfilling prophecy?

Answer 32

telling someone with dyslexia she cannot learn to read, leading her to become illiterate even though she could learn to read with a bit of extra effort

Question 33

Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion?

Answer 33

anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

Question 34

Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion?

Answer 34

getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether

Question 35

Don knows that drinking too much liquor is a costly habit that is bad for his health, but he continues to drink large amounts of liquor. He also thinks he is a smart person that makes good choices. Don feels some psychological discomfort from this contradiction, which is also called ________.

Answer 35

cognitive dissonance

Question 35

Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion?

Answer 35

anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

Question 36

Penny gets an acting job on Friday that she attributes to her good acting. She doesn’t get the next acting job; therefore, she blames the casting director for not wanting to hire a woman. This is an example of ________.

Answer 36

self-serving bias

Question 37

Which of the following is an example of actor-observer bias?

Answer 37

Akbar believes he is unable to stop gambling because his friends all gamble and are a bad influence, yet Tim is unable to stop gambling because he is addicted to gambling.