Chapter 10

Question 1

Trichromatic theory of vision

Answer 1

HELMHOLTZ
model that explains how humans see color by proposing three types of cones that are sensitive to red blue and green light

Question 2

Handbook of pysiolgical optics

Answer 2

By HELMHOLTZ
work on the sience of vision
Structure of human eye
Processes of vision
Perception of visual info

Question 3

Herman Von Helmholtz

Answer 3

1821-1894
Physiochemical approach
All biological things can be understood in terms of physical laws
Psychology came from physiology
Handbook of psyiological optics
Tricromatic Theory of vision

Question 4

Method of average error/adjustment

Answer 4

The test subject alters something until they think it is equal to a refernece
FECHNER

Question 5

Method of constant stimuli

Answer 5

Repeatedly using the same stimuli at different intensities
FECHNER

Question 6

Method of Limits

Answer 6

Determines sensory thresholds by gradually intensifying or detensifying the stimuli
FECHNER

Question 7

Gustav Fechner

Answer 7

1801-1807
Similar ideas to weber
Formualted his own methods and formulas
Became blind due to staring at the sun
Color after images (flag)
Experimental psychology
Helping establish psychophysics

Question 8

What was so important about Weber?

Answer 8

Proved Kant idea of universal reason wrong by subjective meanings and values making it difficult to apply a one size fits all approach and began using quantative data in pysch

Question 9

Webers Law

Answer 9

Size of the just noticeable differnece is a constant proportion of the original stimulis value

Question 10

Webers Illusion

Answer 10

Distance between two touches on the skin is larger in a more sensitive area.

Question 11

Ernst Heinrich Weber

Answer 11

1795-1878
- quantative data
-Touch, two point threshold technique
- Created somatosensory map of human body
- less sensitive if measured longitudinally than transversley
-webers illusion
-experimental psychology

Question 12

Which systems approach is first?

Answer 12

Psychophysics

Question 13

Absolute Threshold’s

Answer 13

Limit of possible experiences
WEBER

Question 14

Two point thresholds

Answer 14

The distance where two points are experienced as one

Question 15

Difference thresholds

Answer 15

The minimal stimulus difference detectable at 50%
WEBER

Question 16

What are thresholds

Answer 16

Maximal or minimal stimulus intensity detected at 50% of the time

Question 17

How are psychophysics measured ?

Answer 17

Measured by a physical scale and psychological impressions of stimuli.

Question 18

Psychophysics

Answer 18

Study of relationships between physical properties of stimuli and the psychological or subjective impressions of it

Question 19

Psychology’s first laboratory

Answer 19

1879 by WUNDT

Question 20

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 20

The uphill battle to establish psych as a system
Introspection might cause mental breakdowns
Mind and body: mental function related to voluntary movements
Importance of experience

Question 21

Voluntarism

Answer 21

The will organizes the minds content into higher level processes
WUNDT

Question 22

What did Wundt think about voluntary actions?

Answer 22

To be free an action must be voluntary but not all voluntary actions are free

Question 23

FREE WILL

Answer 23

WUNDT
possible but only with a truly reflective self consciousness

Question 24

Why was WUNDT controversial?

Answer 24

Studied only high cognitive people, which discriminated against children, elderly, disabled, women, poc, etc

Question 25

Wundts definition of psychology

Answer 25

Experimental science Research on speed of reflexes, associations, and visions Science that defines the facts of consciousness Volunteerism More sensation & perception

Question 26

What are the two goals of psych according to Wundt ?

Answer 26

1. Must define the elements of consciousness 2. Must discover combinations of these elements

Question 27

What are elements?

Answer 27

Psych: simple single sensation Physiological: may be more complex

Question 28

Active perception

Answer 28

Judgements, ideas, concepts

Question 29

Sensory associations

Answer 29

Sensory functions, assimilations, complications

Question 30

Wundts view of emotions

Answer 30

We’re all emotional creatures Emotion precedes cognitions (emotion first and than a behavioral response) Tridimensional theory of feeling Used introspection method

Question 31

Tridimensional theory of feeling

Answer 31

All feelings can be described by three primary dimensions 1. Pleasantness/ unpleasantness 2. Excitement/ calmness 3. Tension/relaxation

Question 32

Introspection

Answer 32

People are asked to examine their own thoughts and feelings about a stimulus and look deeply at

Question 33

Structuralism & Edward Titchner

Answer 33

Wudnts student Possible to determine the structure of the mind by identifying the basic elements of which it is composed Used introspection

Question 34

Association

Answer 34

TITCHENER Primary attention: involuntary Secondary attention: voluntary Associationistic approach to meaning in context Physiology of association

Question 35

FRANZ BRENTANO & Act psych

Answer 35

The science of all mental phenomena Empirical psychology rooted in the active nature of experience Influenced by Aristotle Pluralistic and dynamic approach Classification system for mental phenomena

Question 36

BRENTANos classification system

Answer 36

Three categories Presentations (seeing) , judgements (acknowledging existence) , emotions (love and hate)

Question 37

Herman Ebbinghaus Methodolgical Electism

Answer 37

Broadened psychology (more than one way to do things) Mixed method approach Completion test to assess the cognitive abilities in children Inspired scientific research in memory Only participant

Question 38

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 38

1871-1939 First women to get a psych PHD in US Comparative psychology Motor theory of consciousness President of APA in 1921

Question 39

The Wurzberg School, Oswald Kulpe

Answer 39

Alternative to Wundt Higher mental operations Imageless thoughts Mental set Wider view of psych