Chapter 11 Functionalism Flashcards
(20 cards)
William James
1842-1910
Philosopher & psychologist
Changed from determinism to free will
Wrote “Relations between psych & physiology”
Taught first psych course in US
1st lab at Harvard in US
Henry Holt asked James to write a psych text book
First U.S. Professor to ask for student evaluations
Same time as Wundt but in US
William James Methods
Pluralistic
Questionnaires
Structuralism (interconnectedness of things)
Pragmatism (practical approach)
Didn’t like experimental approach (Titchners System) because it was one way
What was Titchners system?
Structuralism
James philosophy
Individualism (importance of individual experience)
He liked case studies
Pluralism (looking at multiple aspects)
Free will
The Dilemma of Deteriminism
The idea that fate determines everything leaving no need for humans to make decisions, so they can’t be held responsible
JAMES
Moralism
James would tell people how it is and be blunt
Radical empirialism
James was a radical empiralist which is anything in the lives experience and he valued history
What was James’ definition of psychology
The science of mental life both the phenomena and their conditions
Habits are essential
The self as the totality of all the things that happen to us
Moral self/social self/ spiritual self
Individuals can control their emotions
Applied view
James Lange Theory of emotion
Bodily changes occur before perception of emotion
We feel sad because we cry angry because we strike and afraid because we tremble
Stimulus to bodily response to emotion
Hugo Munsterberg
1863-1916
Replaced James as director of Harvard lab
Got PHD from Wundt
Interested in clinical psych (psychotherapy)
Interested in legal psych
I/O psych
Munsterberg Clinical psych (psychotherapy)
psychotherapy)
Directive approach
Recognized individual difference
Munsterberg legal psych
Criminal behavior results from the environment
Studied guilt and eye witnesses
Munsterberg I/O Psych
Wrote psychology & industrial efficiency
About employee selection
Very applied
Granville Stanley Hall
1844-1924
First PHD in US
Founded APA
Brought us psychoanalysis by inviting Freud to the US
Into developmental psych
Biological approach to psychology
Wrote a lot of journals
Francis Sumner
1895-1954
First black man w PHD
Published articles despite societal boundaries
Studied racial bias and educational justice
Worked as a professor
Mary Whiton Calkins
1863-1930
Informal PHD with James because she was denied her diploma bc of her gender
Presiden of APA in 1905
Personalism (views the person as the means to understanding reality)
Studied dreaming and memory
Leta Hollingworth
Disproved the variability hypothesis, which was used for gender discrimination
This was done by studying infants
Wrote the Psychology of the Adolescent
Alfred Binet
1857-1911
Created the first intelligence test to identify children who need extra help or advanced learning
Brought Binets intelligence test to US
Was used incorrectly
Used for discrimation against native tribes
Classified rudely into normal, idiot, imbecile
Inez Beverly Prossar
1897-1934
Dissertation on relationship between self esteem personality and segregation
This was cited in brown v board of education
Aimed to show segregation is harmful
James Mckeen Cattel
1st professor in US
Although highly motivated by Sir Francis Galton to study measurement and to acquire a variety of measurements from many people, the data (mental test) were not correlated with any meaningful measure, and as a result, the research career of this individual was destroyed.
