Chapter 10

Question 1

social group

Answer 1

individuals with a shared purpose (usually have some sort of shared fate)

Question 2

entitativity

Answer 2

the perception that a collection of people are a group or entity

Question 3

similarity

Answer 3

many groups form due to similarity or similar goals

Question 4

increasing entitativity

Answer 4

comunication, interdependance

Question 5

interdependence

Answer 5

members rely on each other to reach goals

Question 6

prescriptive norms

Answer 6

norms about what group members should do

Question 7

proscriptive norms

Answer 7

norms about what group members should not do

Question 8

structure in groups

Answer 8

clear roles and duties to keep the peace and manage tasks

Question 9

role stress

Answer 9

the roles given to a person are incompatible or overwhelming

Question 10

social identity approach

Answer 10

groups also involve individuals whose identity is related to the group, you don’t have to know everyone in the group to be a part of it

Question 11

social facilitation

Answer 11

performing tasks better or faster in the presence of others

Question 12

social inhibition

Answer 12

limiting obervable emotions to avoid ridicule

Question 13

dominant responsse

Answer 13

the behavior that is most likely in a given situation

Question 14

benefits of groups

Answer 14

more knowledge meory strength and abilities

Question 15

process gain

Answer 15

when groups work better than we would expect

Question 16

process loss

Answer 16

when groups perform more poorly than we would expect

Question 17

divisible task

Answer 17

each group member can do seperate sub-tasks at the same time

Question 18

unitary tasks

Answer 18

tasks cannot be sub-divided

Question 19

additive tasks

Answer 19

inputs of each group member are added together

Question 20

disjunctive tasks

Answer 20

performance determined by the best group member ( if one person wins everyone wins)

Question 21

conjunctive task

Answer 21

performance is determined by the worst group member ( if one person is slow, everyone slows down)

Question 22

maximizing task

Answer 22

performance is measured by how fast a group works or how much product is made

Question 23

intellective task

Answer 23

involves ability of the group to make a decision or judgement

Question 24

criterion task

Answer 24

clear right/wrong answer

Question 25

judgemental task

Answer 25

no clearly correct answer to problem

Question 26

coordination

Answer 26

may be more difficult in larger groups

Question 27

social loafing

Answer 27

process loss that occurs when people do not work as hard in a group as they do when they’re alone Can be very negative for group endeavors

Question 28

reducing social loafing

Answer 28

non additive tasks, meaningful tasks, assigned areas of responsibility

Question 29

what increases social loafing

Answer 29

men loaf more, especially after social rejection, more common in individualistic cultures, individual performance cannot be identified

Question 30

outcome bias

Answer 30

results of decisions influence how good the decision was

Question 31

benefits of group decision making

Answer 31

new ideas, more people to notice mistakes, better memory, sharing information

Question 32

groupthink

Answer 32

when a group makes a poor decision due to group members prioritizing solidarity over facts More likely when there is a strong social identity

Question 33

avoiding groupthink

Answer 33

remain impartial, creating subgroups, seeking outside and anonymous opinions

Question 34

shared information bias

Answer 34

when group members share information that they all have access to while ignoring important information that is unique to them

Question 35

ineffective brainstorming

Answer 35

ideas are generally of lesser quality than if individuals worked alone on ideas and then shared with the group

Question 36

evaluation apprehension

Answer 36

its hard to believe there are no bad ideas

Question 37

production blocking

Answer 37

people must choose between listening to others and thinking on their own

Question 38

nominal group technique

Answer 38

generate ideas alone and then share with the group

Question 39

electronic brainstorming

Answer 39

members can see full ideas in text can take their time to respond

Question 40

group polarization

Answer 40

after group discussion, attitudes of individual group members becomes more extreme, caused when we feel as though we have to aggressively defend our ideas and opinions