Chapter 10 Flashcards
Pregnancy, Childbirth and Motherhood (21 cards)
Explain what happens to people’s bodies during the process of childbirth.
The three stages in labor are dilation of the cervix, childbirth, and expulsion of the
placenta. Social factors can influence the duration of labor and the amount of pain
medication required.
Discuss the positive and negative impacts of cesarean delivery on the physical health of
mothers.
Positive: They are convenient and is used when vaginal birth is too risky
Negative: Traumatic, women who have it have more negative perceptions about their birthing experience
Describe social factors affect childbirth.
Social factors, such as the continuity of care and exposure to racism, can affect birth
outcome.
Identify factors that can improve the psychological experience of childbirth for people
Having empathic care takers, being educated, relaxation and breathing techniques, social support. and having choice
What are two potential problems that can occur during childbirth?
Two potential problems during childbirth are preterm births and cesarean sections.
Describe some common stereotypes about motherhood.
The stereotypes about motherhood reveal our ambivalence about mothers: Mothers
are supposed to feel happy and contented, but they are also blamed for children’s
problems.
Summarize the negative experiences that some people have during the few weeks following childbirth.
Motherhood has a strong negative side because mothers may feel exhausted, overworked, physically uncomfortable, incompetent, unrewarded, isolated, guilty, disappointed by failing to be the “ideal mother,” and responsible for children’s problems
Describe the positive factors associated with motherhood.
Motherhood also has a strong positive side; the benefits include a sense of women’s
own strength, pleasurable interactions with children, and increased nurturing skills,
as well as abstract, intense joys.
What are the motherhood experiences among Black, Latina/o, and Asian American parents.
- College-educated = more likely to be employed, compared to their White counterparts.
- Extended familes tend to be especially important
- Asian American women who have immigrated encounter conflicts between their cultural beliefs and U.S. medical practice.
Analyze how parents who identify as LGBTQ+ navigate the challenges and successes of
parenthood.
Extensive research on lesbian mothers reveals that they do not differ from heterosexual mothers in their parenting skills or the adjustment of their children. However, lesbian families currently face numerous legal obstacles
Describe the benefits and challenges of breastfeeding for new parents.
Breastfeeding provides benefits for a mother’s interactions with her infant, as well
as for the health of both the infant and the mother.
Explain how post-partum depression differs from major depression and describe when
it is most likely to occur.
About half of new mothers experience the short-term depression called postpartum
blues; between 10 and 15% experience the more severe postpartum depression.
Summarize employment for people who are working outside the home following childbirth.
Despite popular beliefs, the psychological well-being of mothers of infants is similar for homemakers, women employed part time, and women employed full time; those with multiple roles may even experience benefits to their physical and psychological health.
Identify the advantages and disadvantages for people who choose childfree lifestyles.
The disadvantages of parenthood include the irrevocability of the decision to have a child, the interference with lifestyle and work, and the expenses. Although children can be source of fun and pleasure and pride.
Describe the psychological experiences of people who experience infertility.
Women who are infertile are similar to women with children in terms of their marital satisfaction and self-esteem, but they may be more anxious; many women manage to refocus their lives when childbirth seems unlikely
Describe the major biological components of pregnancy.
Summarize how pregnancy affects people’s bodies and physical health status.
several common physical reactions to
pregnancy include weight gain, fatigue, and nausea.
Analyze the range of both positive and negative emotions that individuals experience
during pregnancy.
Women vary greatly in their emotional reactions to pregnancy. Positive emotions include feelings of excitement and wonder, growing attachment, and the anticipated pleasure of motherhood. Negative emotions include changeable emotions, concerns about physical appearance, health worries, and concern about other people’s reactions.
Explain how hostile and benevolent sexism negatively affect people who are pregnant.
When people interact with a woman who looks pregnant, they tend to show hostile sexism if she is doing something considered nontraditional, such as applying for a job. Potential employers are relatively unlikely to hire a pregnant job applicant. They show benevolent sexism if she is doing something traditional, such as shopping for a gift. They give her too much help and can be patronizing.
Describe how pregnancy affects people’s employment experiences.
Most women can work outside the home without affecting their pregnancy; however, a physically demanding job and nonstandard work hours are associated with a slightly higher risk of premature delivery.
