Chapter 13 Flashcards
Gender and Victimization (23 cards)
What is victimization?
It refers to harming or mistreating a person through violence, abuse, or exploitation — often based on gender, power, or vulnerability.
Who is more likely to experience gender-based violence?
Women, gender minorities, and children are most at risk, especially from someone they know.
What are the two types of sexual harassment?
Quid pro quo – when job benefits depend on sexual favors.
Hostile environment – when the workplace is intimidating or offensive due to sexual behavior.
Why do people often not report harassment?
Fear of not being believed, losing their job, retaliation, or shame.
What are some psychological effects of sexual harassment?
Anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and PTSD-like symptoms.
What is sexual assault?
Any sexual activity done without consent, including rape and unwanted touching.
How is rape legally defined?
Non-consensual sexual penetration, often involving force or threats.
Who are most rapes committed by?
Acquaintances, friends, or romantic partners — not strangers.
What is the ‘rape myth’?
False beliefs like ‘she was asking for it’ or ‘women lie about rape’ that blame victims and excuse perpetrators.
What are common effects of rape on survivors?
Trauma, fear, depression, sexual dysfunction, and trust issues.
What is intimate partner violence (IPV)?
Abuse by a current or former romantic partner, including physical, emotional, sexual, or financial abuse.
What is the cycle of abuse?
Tension-building
Explosion (abuse)
Honeymoon phase – where the abuser apologizes and promises to change.
Why do survivors stay in abusive relationships?
Fear, financial dependence, isolation, love for the partner, or concern for children.
What’s gaslighting?
A form of emotional abuse where the abuser manipulates the victim into doubting their own reality or sanity.
What is childhood sexual abuse?
Sexual activity between a child and an older person, often involving coercion, secrecy, or manipulation.
Who are typical perpetrators of child sexual abuse?
Most often someone the child knows — family members, caregivers, or authority figures.
What are long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse?
PTSD, low self-worth, trust issues, sexual difficulties, depression, or substance use.
How does victim-blaming affect survivors?
It makes them feel ashamed, less likely to report, and increases trauma.
What role does intersectionality play in victimization?
Race, class, gender identity, and sexual orientation can affect how survivors are treated by society and the justice system.
What are rape culture and toxic masculinity?
Rape culture: A society where rape is normalized through jokes, victim-blaming, and ignoring consent.
Toxic masculinity: Cultural norms encouraging male dominance, emotional suppression, and aggression.
What is trauma-informed care?
Support that understands the impact of trauma, avoids re-traumatizing, and empowers the survivor.
What can be done to support survivors?
Believe them, listen without judgment, provide resources, and avoid blaming language.
Why is consent education important?
It helps prevent assault by teaching respect for boundaries and that ‘no means no.’
