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Medical Terminology 1 > Chapter 10! > Flashcards

Chapter 10! Flashcards

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1
Q

Cervical nerves

A

C1-8

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2
Q

Thoracic nerves

A

T1-12

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3
Q

Lumbar

A

L1-5

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4
Q

Sacral nerves

A

S1-5

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5
Q

Cerebrum

A

Thinking, personality, sensations, movements, memory

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6
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay station (“triage center”) for sensory impulses; control of awareness and consciousness

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7
Q

Hypothalamus

A

body temperature, sleep, appetite, emotions, control of the pituitary gland

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8
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordination of voluntary movements and balance

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9
Q

Pons

A

Connection of nerves (to the eyes and face)

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10
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Nerve fibers cross over, left to right and right to left; contains centers to regulate heart, blood vessels, and respiratory system.

part of the brain just above the spinal cord; controls breathing, heartbeat, and size of blood vessles; nerve fibers cross over here.

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11
Q

ACEtylcholine

A

Neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells.

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12
Q

afferent nerve

A

carries messages TOWARD the brain and spinal cord (sensory nerve).

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13
Q

arachnoid membrane

A

middle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord.

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14
Q

astrocyte

A

type of glial (neuroglial) cell that transports water and salts from capillaries

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15
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs.

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16
Q

axon

A

microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell.

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17
Q

blood-brain barrier

A

protective separation between the blood and brain cells. This makes it difficult to substances (such as anticancer drugs) to penetrate capillary walls and enter the brain.

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18
Q

brainstem

A

Posterior portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord; includes the pons and medulla obongate

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19
Q

cauda equina

A

collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord.

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20
Q

cell body

A

part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus.

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21
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

the brain and spinal cord

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22
Q

cerebell/o

A

cerebellum

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23
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum

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24
Q

dur/o

A

dura mater

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25
encephal/o
brain
26
anencephaly
is a congenital brain malformations; it is not compatible with life and may be detected with amniocentesis or ultrasonography of the fetus
27
gli/o
glial cells
28
glioblastoma
is a highly malignant tumor ( -blast means immature) Gliomas are tumors of glial (neuroglial) cells
29
lept/o
thin, slender
30
leptomeningeal
The pia and arachnoid membranes are know as the leptomenings because of their thin, delicate structure
31
mening/o | meningi/o
membranes, meninges
32
meningioma
slowly growing, benign tumor
33
myelomeningocele
neural tube defect caused by failure of the neural tube to close during embryonic development. This abnormality occurs in infants born with spinal bifida.
34
my/o
muscle
35
myel/o
spinal cord (means born marrow in other contexts)
36
poliomyelitis
polio -means grey matter. This viral disease affects the grey matter of the spinal cord, leading to paralysis of muscles that rely on the damaged neurons. Effective vaccines developed in the 20th century have made polio relatively uncommon
37
neur/o
nerve
38
pont/o
pons
39
radicul/o
nerve root (of spinal nerves)
40
radiculopathy
sciatica is a radiculopathy affecting the sciatic nerve root in the back. A herniated disk is a common cause leading to pain, weakness, or numbness down the leg.
41
radiculitis
this condition often results in pain and loss of function
42
thalam/o
thalamus
43
thec/o
sheath (refers to the meninges)
44
intrathecal injection
chemicals, such as chemotherapeutic drugs, can be delivered into the subarachnoid space.
45
vag/o
vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve) has branches to the head and neck, as well as the chest.
46
alges/o | -algesia
excessive sensitivity to pain
47
hypaalgesia
deminished sensation to pain (hypalgesia is increased sensitivity to pain)
48
cerebrum
largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory
49
cranial nerves
12 pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain with regard to the head and neck (except the vagus nerve)
50
dendrite
microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse
51
dura matter
Thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord. Latin for "hard mother"
52
efferent nerve
carries messages AWAY FROM the brain and spinal cord; motor nerve.
53
ependymal cell
Glial cell that lines membranes within the brain and spinal cord and helps form cerebrospinal fluid
54
ganglion (plural: ganglia)
collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS
55
glial cell (neuroglial cell)
supportive and connective nerve cell that does not carry nervous impulses. Glial cells can reproduce themselves, as opposed to neurons
56
gyrus (plural: gyri)
sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution
57
hypothalamus
portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appetite body temperature, and secretions from the pituiary gland
58
meninges
three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
59
microglial cell
phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from central nervous system
60
motor nerves
carries messages AWAY FROM the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs;efferent nerve
61
myelin sheath
covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell. Myelin speeds impulse conduction along axons
62
nerve
macroscopic cord-like collection of fibers (axons and dendrites) that carry electrical impulses.
63
neuron
nerve cell that carries impulses throughout the body; parenchyma of the nervous system.
64
neurotransmitter
chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell. It stimulates or inhibits another cell, which can be a nerve cell, muscle cell, or gland cell. Examples of neurotransmitters are acetyloline, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin
65
oligodendroglial cell
glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons. Also called oligodendrocyte
66
parasympathetic nerves
involuntary, automatic nerves that regulate normal body functions such as heart rate, breathing, and muscles of the gastrointestinal tract
67
parenchyma
essential, distinguishing tissue of any organ or system. The parenchyma of the nervous system includes the neurons and nerves that carry nervous impulses. Parenchymal cells of the liver are hepatocytes, and parenchymal tissue of the kidney includes the nephrons, where urine is formed.
68
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
nerves outside the brain and spinal cord; cranial, spinal, and automatic
69
pia matter
thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges
70
plexus (plural: plexuses)
Large, interlacing network of nerves, Examples are lumbosacral, cervical, and brachial plexuses.
71
pons
part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of the midbrain. Its a bridge connecting various parts of the brain.
72
receptor
organ that receives a nervous stimulus and passes it on to afferent nerves. The skin, ears, eyes, and taste buds are receptors
73
sciatic nerve
nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg, and foot. Sciatica is pain or inflammation along the course of the nerve
74
sensory nerve
carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord from a receptor; afferent nerve
75
spinal nerves
31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord
76
stimulus (plural: stimuli)
Agent of change (light, sound, touch) in the internal or external environment that evokes a response
77
stroma
connective and supporting tissue of an organ. Glial cells are the stomal tissue of the brain
78
sulcus (plural: sulci)
depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortext; fissure
79
sympathetic nerves
autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily times
80
synapse
space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or glandular cells
81
thalamus
main relay center of the brain. It conducts impulses between the spinal cord and the cerebrum; incoming sensory messages are relayed through the thalamus to appropriate centers in the cerebrum
82
vagus nerve
10th cranial nerve (cranial nerve X); its branches reach to the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, aorta, esophagus, and stomach. Unlike the other cranial nerves, the vagus leaves the head and "wanders" into the abdominal and thoracic cavities
83
ventricles of the brain
canals in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid. Ventricles are also found in the heart. The are the 2 lower chambers of the heart.

Medical Terminology 1 (13 decks)

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