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Medical Terminology 1 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

arteriole

A

small artery

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2
Q

calciferol

A

active form of Vitamin D, secreted by the kidney

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3
Q

calyx or calix (pl. calyces or calices)

A

cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis. The term comes from

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4
Q

catheter

A

tube for injecting or removing fluid

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5
Q

cortex

A

outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney

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6
Q

creatinine

A

nitrogenous waste excreted in urine, creatinine clearance is a measure of the efficiency of the kidney removing (clearing) creatinine from the blood

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7
Q

electrolyte

A

chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. Electrolytes are necessary for functioning of muscles and nerves. The kidneys maintain the proper balance of electrolytes and water in the blood. Potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) are electrolytes.

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8
Q

erythropoietin (EPO)

A

Hormone secreted by the kidney to simulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow. -Poietin means a substance that forms.

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9
Q

filtration

A

Process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter

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10
Q

glomerular capsule

A

Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus. The glomerular capsule is also known as Bowman’s capsule and it collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus.

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11
Q

glomerulus (pl. glomeruli)

A

Tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the kidney

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12
Q

hilum

A

Depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave.

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13
Q

kidney

A

one of two organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine.

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14
Q

meatus

A

opening or canal

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15
Q

medulla

A

inner region of an organ. The renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney.

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16
Q

nephron

A

Combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney. It is the functional unit of the kidney, each capable of forming urine by itself. There are about 1 million nephrons in a kidney.

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17
Q

nitrogenous waste

A

Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine. Examples of nitrogenous wastes are urea, uric acid, and creatinine

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18
Q

potassium (K+)

A

Electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood. Potassium is essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses.

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19
Q

reabsorption

A

Process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream

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20
Q

renal artery

A

Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

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21
Q

Renal pelvis

A

central collecting region of the kidney

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22
Q

renal tubule

A

Microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filration

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23
Q

renal vein

A

blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart

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24
Q

renin

A

Hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)

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25
Q

sodium (Na+)

A

Electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys; needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions. A common form of sodium is sodium chloride (table salt)

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26
Q

trigone

A

Triangular area in the urinary bladder

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27
Q

urea

A

Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

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28
Q

ureter

A

one of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

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29
Q

urethra

A

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

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30
Q

uric acid

A

nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

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31
Q

urinary bladder

A

Hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine

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32
Q

urination ( voiding)

A

Process of expelling urine; also called micturition.

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33
Q

cali/o

calic/o

A

calyx (calix)

cup-shaped

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34
Q

cyst/o

A

urinary bladder

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35
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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36
Q

meat/o

A

meatus

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37
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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38
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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39
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

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40
Q

trigon/o

A

trigone (region of the bladder)

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41
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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42
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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43
Q

albumin/o

A

albumin (a protein in the blood)

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44
Q

azot/o

A

nitrogen

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45
Q

bacteri/o

A

bacteria

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46
Q

dips/o

A

thrist

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47
Q

kal/o

A

potassium

48
Q

ket/o

keton/o

A

ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)

49
Q

lith/o

A

stone

50
Q

natr/o

A

sodium

51
Q

noct/o

A

night

52
Q

olig/o

A

scanty

53
Q

-poietin

A

substance that forms

54
Q

py/o

A

pus

55
Q

-tripsy

A

crushing

56
Q

ur/o

A

urine (urea)

57
Q

urin/o

A

urine

58
Q

-uria

A

urination; urine condition

59
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary discharge of urine or bed-wetting

60
Q

nocturia

A

voluntary, frequent urination at night

61
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

Kidney stones (renal calculi)

62
Q

nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis)

A

Group of clinal signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine)

63
Q

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

A

Multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidneys

64
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and rental parenchyma

65
Q

renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma)

A

cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood

66
Q

renal failure

A

Decrease in excretion of wastes results from impaired filtration

67
Q

renal hypertension

A

High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

68
Q

Wilms tumor

A

Malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood

69
Q

bladder cancer

A

Malignant tumor of the urinary bladder

70
Q

diabetes insipidus (DI)

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is not secreted, or there is a resistance of the kidney to ADH.

71
Q

diabetes mellitus (DM)

A

Insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects.

72
Q

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

measurement of urea levels in blood

73
Q

creatinine clearance

A

Measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney

74
Q

CT urography

x-ray

A

X-ray images obtained using computed tomography show multiple cross-sectional and other views of the kidney

75
Q

kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB)

x-ray

A

X-ray examination (without contrast) of the blood vessels of the kidney

76
Q 
retrograde pyelogram (RP)
x-ray
A

x-ray image of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder.

77
Q 
voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)
x-ray
A

x-ray image (with contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding

78
Q

ultrasonography

A

imaging of urinary tract structures using high-frequency sound waves

79
Q

MRI urography (MRI)

A

changing magnetic field produces images of the kidney and surrounding structures in three planes of the body

80
Q

cystoscopy

A

Direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope (cystoscope)

81
Q

dialysis

A

process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood

82
Q

Hemodialysis (HD)

A

uses a artificial kidney machine

83
Q

Peritoneal dialysis (PD)

A

uses a catheter to introduce fluid into the peritoneal (abdominal) cavity

84
Q

lithotripsy

A

urinary tract stones are crushed

85
Q

renal angioplasty

A

dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries

86
Q

renal biopsy

A

removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination

87
Q

renal transplantation

A

surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor or recipient

88
Q

urinary catheterization

A

passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder

89
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone-vasopressin

90
Q

AKI

A

acute renal injury

91
Q

CAPD

A

continuous ambulatory peritoneal

92
Q

CKD

A

chronic kidney disease - a condition during which serum which serum creatinine and BUN levels rise, which may result in impairment of all body systems

93
Q

Cl-

A

chloride - an electrolyte excreted by the kidney

94
Q

CrCL

A

creatinine clearance

95
Q

CRF

A

chronic renal failure - progressive loss of kidney function

96
Q

C&S

A

culture and sensitivity testing - to determine antibiotic effectiveness against bacteria growth from a patient’s urine specimen

97
Q

cysto

A

cystoscopic examination

98
Q

eGFR

A

estimated glomerular filration rate

99
Q

ESWL

A

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

100
Q

HCO3-

A

bicarbonate - an electrolyte conserved by the kidney

101
Q

HD

A

hemodialysis

102
Q

IC

A

interstitial cystitis - chronic inflammation of the bladder wall; not caused by bacterial infection and not responsive to conventional antibiotic therapy

103
Q

IVP

A

intravenous pyelogram

104
Q

K+

A

potassium - an electrolyte

105
Q

KUB

A

kidney, ureter, and bladder

106
Q

Na+

A

sodium - an electrolyte

107
Q

PD

A

peritoneal dialysis

108
Q

pH

A

potential hydrogen; scale to indicate degree of acidity or alkalinity

109
Q

PKD

A

polycystic kidney desease

110
Q

PUL

A

percutaneous ultrasound lithotripsy

111
Q

RP

A

retrograde pyelography

112
Q

sp gr

A

specific gravity

113
Q

UA

A

urinalysis

114
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

115
Q

VCUG

A

voiding cystourethrogram

116
Q

CKD stages

A 
Stage 1 = eGFR > 90
Stage 2 = eGRF 60 - 90
Stage 3 = eGFR 30 - 60
Stage 4 = eGFR 15 - 30
Stage 5 = eGFR < 15

Medical Terminology 1 (13 decks)

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