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Medical Terminology 1 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

(116 cards)

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1
Q

arteriole

A

small artery

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2
Q

calciferol

A

active form of Vitamin D, secreted by the kidney

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3
Q

calyx or calix (pl. calyces or calices)

A

cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis. The term comes from

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4
Q

catheter

A

tube for injecting or removing fluid

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5
Q

cortex

A

outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney

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6
Q

creatinine

A

nitrogenous waste excreted in urine, creatinine clearance is a measure of the efficiency of the kidney removing (clearing) creatinine from the blood

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7
Q

electrolyte

A

chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. Electrolytes are necessary for functioning of muscles and nerves. The kidneys maintain the proper balance of electrolytes and water in the blood. Potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) are electrolytes.

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8
Q

erythropoietin (EPO)

A

Hormone secreted by the kidney to simulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow. -Poietin means a substance that forms.

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9
Q

filtration

A

Process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter

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10
Q

glomerular capsule

A

Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus. The glomerular capsule is also known as Bowman’s capsule and it collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus.

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11
Q

glomerulus (pl. glomeruli)

A

Tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the kidney

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12
Q

hilum

A

Depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave.

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13
Q

kidney

A

one of two organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine.

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14
Q

meatus

A

opening or canal

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15
Q

medulla

A

inner region of an organ. The renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney.

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16
Q

nephron

A

Combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney. It is the functional unit of the kidney, each capable of forming urine by itself. There are about 1 million nephrons in a kidney.

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17
Q

nitrogenous waste

A

Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine. Examples of nitrogenous wastes are urea, uric acid, and creatinine

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18
Q

potassium (K+)

A

Electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood. Potassium is essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses.

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19
Q

reabsorption

A

Process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream

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20
Q

renal artery

A

Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

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21
Q

Renal pelvis

A

central collecting region of the kidney

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22
Q

renal tubule

A

Microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filration

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23
Q

renal vein

A

blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart

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24
Q

renin

A

Hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)

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25
sodium (Na+)
Electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys; needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions. A common form of sodium is sodium chloride (table salt)
26
trigone
Triangular area in the urinary bladder
27
urea
Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine
28
ureter
one of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
29
urethra
tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
30
uric acid
nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
31
urinary bladder
Hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine
32
urination ( voiding)
Process of expelling urine; also called micturition.
33
cali/o | calic/o
calyx (calix) | cup-shaped
34
cyst/o
urinary bladder
35
glomerul/o
glomerulus
36
meat/o
meatus
37
nephr/o
kidney
38
pyel/o
renal pelvis
39
ren/o
kidney
40
trigon/o
trigone (region of the bladder)
41
ureter/o
ureter
42
urethr/o
urethra
43
albumin/o
albumin (a protein in the blood)
44
azot/o
nitrogen
45
bacteri/o
bacteria
46
dips/o
thrist
47
kal/o
potassium
48
ket/o | keton/o
ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)
49
lith/o
stone
50
natr/o
sodium
51
noct/o
night
52
olig/o
scanty
53
-poietin
substance that forms
54
py/o
pus
55
-tripsy
crushing
56
ur/o
urine (urea)
57
urin/o
urine
58
-uria
urination; urine condition
59
enuresis
involuntary discharge of urine or bed-wetting
60
nocturia
voluntary, frequent urination at night
61
nephrolithiasis
Kidney stones (renal calculi)
62
nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis)
Group of clinal signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine)
63
polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
Multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidneys
64
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and rental parenchyma
65
renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma)
cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood
66
renal failure
Decrease in excretion of wastes results from impaired filtration
67
renal hypertension
High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
68
Wilms tumor
Malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood
69
bladder cancer
Malignant tumor of the urinary bladder
70
diabetes insipidus (DI)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is not secreted, or there is a resistance of the kidney to ADH.
71
diabetes mellitus (DM)
Insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects.
72
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
measurement of urea levels in blood
73
creatinine clearance
Measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney
74
CT urography | x-ray
X-ray images obtained using computed tomography show multiple cross-sectional and other views of the kidney
75
kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB) | x-ray
X-ray examination (without contrast) of the blood vessels of the kidney
76
``` retrograde pyelogram (RP) x-ray ```
x-ray image of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder.
77
``` voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) x-ray ```
x-ray image (with contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding
78
ultrasonography
imaging of urinary tract structures using high-frequency sound waves
79
MRI urography (MRI)
changing magnetic field produces images of the kidney and surrounding structures in three planes of the body
80
cystoscopy
Direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope (cystoscope)
81
dialysis
process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood
82
Hemodialysis (HD)
uses a artificial kidney machine
83
Peritoneal dialysis (PD)
uses a catheter to introduce fluid into the peritoneal (abdominal) cavity
84
lithotripsy
urinary tract stones are crushed
85
renal angioplasty
dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries
86
renal biopsy
removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination
87
renal transplantation
surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor or recipient
88
urinary catheterization
passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder
89
ADH
antidiuretic hormone-vasopressin
90
AKI
acute renal injury
91
CAPD
continuous ambulatory peritoneal
92
CKD
chronic kidney disease - a condition during which serum which serum creatinine and BUN levels rise, which may result in impairment of all body systems
93
Cl-
chloride - an electrolyte excreted by the kidney
94
CrCL
creatinine clearance
95
CRF
chronic renal failure - progressive loss of kidney function
96
C&S
culture and sensitivity testing - to determine antibiotic effectiveness against bacteria growth from a patient's urine specimen
97
cysto
cystoscopic examination
98
eGFR
estimated glomerular filration rate
99
ESWL
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
100
HCO3-
bicarbonate - an electrolyte conserved by the kidney
101
HD
hemodialysis
102
IC
interstitial cystitis - chronic inflammation of the bladder wall; not caused by bacterial infection and not responsive to conventional antibiotic therapy
103
IVP
intravenous pyelogram
104
K+
potassium - an electrolyte
105
KUB
kidney, ureter, and bladder
106
Na+
sodium - an electrolyte
107
PD
peritoneal dialysis
108
pH
potential hydrogen; scale to indicate degree of acidity or alkalinity
109
PKD
polycystic kidney desease
110
PUL
percutaneous ultrasound lithotripsy
111
RP
retrograde pyelography
112
sp gr
specific gravity
113
UA
urinalysis
114
UTI
urinary tract infection
115
VCUG
voiding cystourethrogram
116
CKD stages
``` Stage 1 = eGFR > 90 Stage 2 = eGRF 60 - 90 Stage 3 = eGFR 30 - 60 Stage 4 = eGFR 15 - 30 Stage 5 = eGFR < 15 ```

Medical Terminology 1 (13 decks)

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