Chapter 2; Terms

Question 0

Catabolism

Answer 0

Process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released.

Cata- means down
bol - means to cast
-ism is a process

Question 1

Anabolism

Answer 1

Process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids.

Ana- means up
bol means to cast
-ism is a process

Question 2

Cell membrane

Answer 2

Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell

Question 3

Chromosomes

Answer 3

Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which contain only 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

All the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane

Question 5

DNA

Answer 5

Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in a code, it directs the activities of the cell.

Question 6

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Here, larger proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.

Question 7

Genes

Answer 7

Regions of DNA within each chromosome

Question 8

Karyotype

Answer 8

Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure.

Question 9

Metabolism

Answer 9

Total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism.

Meta- means change
bol means to cast
-ism means a process

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

Structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy ( miniature “power plants”) for the cell. Catabolism is the process that occurs in mitochondria. ( from Greek mitos meaning thread, and chondrion meaning granule.)

Question 11

Nucleus

Answer 11

Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activity of the cell.

Question 12

Adipose tissue

Answer 12

collection of fat cells.

Question 13

Cartilage

Answer 13

Flexible connection tissue attached to bones at joints. For example, it surrounds the trachea and forms part of the external ear and nose.

Question 14

Epithelial cells

Answer 14

Skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs.

Question 15

Histologist

Answer 15

Specialist in the study of tissues

Question 16

Larynx

Answer 16

“Voice box”; located at the upper part of the trachea

Question 17

Pharynx

Answer 17

Throat. The pharynx serves as the common passage way for food ( from the mouth going to the esophagus) and air ( from the nose to the trachea).

Question 18

Pituitary gland

Answer 18

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain

Question 19

Thyroid gland

Answer 19

Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck.

Question 20

Trachea

Answer 20

“Windpipe” ( tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes)

Question 21

Ureter

Answer 21

One of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder. Spelling clue; ureter has two e’s and there are two ureters.

Question 22

Urethra

Answer 22

Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. Spelling clue: urethra has one e and there is only one urethra

Question 23

Uterus

Answer 23

The womb. The organ that holds the embryo/ fetus as it develops.

Question 24

Viscera

Answer 24

Internal organs

Question 25

Hypochondriac

Answer 25

Right and left regions beneath the ribs.

Question 27

Epigastric

Answer 27

Middle upper region above the stomach

Question 28

adipose tissue

Answer 28

collection of fat cells

Question 29

cartilage

Answer 29

flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints. For example, it surrounds the trachea and forms part of the external ear and nose.

Question 30

epithelial cells

Answer 30

skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs

Question 31

histologist

Answer 31

specialist in the study of tissues.

Question 32

larynx

Answer 32

"voice box"; located at the upper part of the trachea.

Question 33

pituitary gland

Answer 33

endocrine gland at the base of the neck.

Question 34

thyroid gland

Answer 34

endocrine gland that surounds the threacha in the neck

Question 35

trachea

Answer 35

"windpipe" (lube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes)

Question 36

ureter

Answer 36

one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.

Question 37

urethra

Answer 37

tube leading from the urinary bladder outside of the body

Question 38

uterus

Answer 38

the womb. the organ that holds embryo/fetus as it develops

Question 39

viscera

Answer 39

internal organs

Question 40

cranial

Answer 40

brain, pituitary gland

Question 41

thoracic

Answer 41

lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta (large artery) The thoracic cavity is divided into two smaller cavities, the Pleural cavity and the mediastinum

Question 42

Pleural cavity

Answer 42

space between the folds of the pleura surrounding each lung, The pleura is a double-folded membrane that surrounds the lungs and protects them. If the pleura is inflamed (as in pleuritis, also called pleurisy), the pleural cavity may fill with fluid