Chapter 10

Question 0

What does the rate at which materials are exchanged through the cell membrane depend on?

Answer 0

The surface area

Question 1

Why do cells divide?

Answer 1

Cell division reduces information overload and material exchange issues.

Question 2

What does the rate at which food and oxygen are used and waste is produced depend on?

Answer 2

The volume

Question 3

True or false: larger cells have a smaller surface area to volume ratio.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What happens to the surface area and volume of a cell as it grows?

Answer 4

The surface area to volume ratio gets smaller.

Question 5

Why is a larger cell worse than a small cell?

Answer 5

The larger cell needs more food and is producing more waste than can be moved across the given surface.

Question 6

What is cell division?

Answer 6

A cell dividing into two “daughter” cells.

Question 7

True or false: during mitosis, the daughter cells are genetically diverse from the mother cell.

Answer 7

False; the “daughter” cells are genetically identical.

Question 8

Asexual reproduction occurs in most __________ and some __________ organisms.

Answer 8

Most- single-called organisms

Some- multi-cellular organisms.

Question 9

List 2 advantages of rapid reproduction.

Answer 9

1. ) It is quick

2. ) You can easily repopulate a dying species.

Question 10

What type of reproduction produces genetically diverse organisms?

Answer 10

Sexual reproduction.

Question 11

What is an advantage of asexual reproduction?

Answer 11

1.) cells are genetically identical meaning there is no way of evolving.

Question 12

What is an advantage of sexual reproduction?

Answer 12

1.) Species can evolve due to the diverse genes.

Question 13

What a disadvantage or sexual reproduction?

Answer 13

1. ) you need a mate so it takes longer.

2. ) species cannot reproduce as quickly meaning they have a harder time repopulating an endangered species.

Question 14

Most animals, plants, and many single-celled organisms produce how?

Answer 14

Sexually.

Question 15

If a mother cell has 16 chromosomes, how many will each daughter cell have?

Answer 15

16

Question 16

What are chromosomes made of?

Answer 16

DNA in the form of chromatin wrapped around histone proteins.

Question 17

True or false: all organisms do not have the same amount of chromosomes.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

When are chromosome visible during the cell cycle? Why?

Answer 18

Cell division; the DNA and protein condense and spread through out the nucleus.

Question 19

What does a chromosome consist of?

Answer 19

2 identical “sister” chromatids.

Question 20

What attaches the chromatids on a chromosome?

Answer 20

Centromere

Question 21

Definition of cell cycle.

Answer 21

Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide.

Question 22

What two main phases does the cell cycle consist of?

Answer 22

Interphase and M phase.

Question 23

True or false: M phase is longer than interphase.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

What 3 phases does interphase consist of?

Answer 24

G1 (1st growth phase), S phase (synthesis phase), G2 (2nd growth phase)

Question 25

What happens during G1?

Answer 25

Cells do most of their growing (size, making proteins and organelles).

Question 26

What happens during S phase?

Answer 26

Chromosomes get replicated, DNA synthesis, and key chromosomal proteins are replicated.

Question 27

What happens during G2?

Answer 27

New organelles and molecules are produced.

Question 28

What is the shortest phase in interphase?

Answer 28

G2

Question 29

What are the two sub phases in M phase?

Answer 29

Mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 30

What is mitosis?

Answer 30

The splitting of the nucleus.

Question 31

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 31

The splitting of the cytoplasm.

Question 32

What are the 4 sub phases in mitosis? | Pass me a taco

Answer 32

Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Question 33

What happens during prophase?

Answer 33

``` Chromatin condenses into chromatin Centrioles separate (exception: plants) Spindles form Nuclear envelope breaks down ```

Question 34

What happens during metaphase?

Answer 34

Duplicated chromosomes line up at the center of the cell and connect to a spindle fiber. One old and one new chromosome form a chromatid pair.

Question 35

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 35

Chromosomes split and sister chromatids move toward their respective centriole.

Question 36

What happens during telophase?

Answer 36

Chromosomes gather at opposite ends of cell and start to unwind from their condensed form. Two new nuclear envelopes form. Cytokinesis begins.

Question 37

True or false: cytokinesis is when the cytoplasm pinches in half.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

What happens during cytokinesis in a plant cell?

Answer 38

A cell plate divides the beginning cell and a new cell membrane forms as well.

Question 39

What happens during cytokinesis in animal cells?

Answer 39

The cell membrane is drawn inward and pinches.

Question 40

True or false: cell growth and division can be regulated.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Definition of contact inhibition.

Answer 41

The halting of cell growth because of coming in contact with another cell.

Question 42

What 3 proteins regulate the cell cycle?

Answer 42

Cyclins, internal regulators, external regulators.

Question 43

What do cyclins do?

Answer 43

They regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.

Question 44

What do internal regulators do?

Answer 44

They respond to events inside the cell. (Ex. Mitosis won't start until all chromosomes are replicated)

Question 45

What do external regulators do?

Answer 45

Respond to events outside the cell (ex. Wound healing)

Question 46

What is cancer?

Answer 46

Uncontrolled cell growth.

Question 47

What two types of tumors are there?

Answer 47

Benign and malignant.

Question 48

What is a benign tumor?

Answer 48

Tumor that does not spread to surrounding tissue.

Question 49

What is a malignant tumor?

Answer 49

Tumor that invades and destroys healthy surrounding tissue.