Chapter 7: Cell Organelles/Cell Theory/Cell Transport

Question 0

What are the 4 components to the cell theory?

Answer 0

1. ) cells are the basic unit of life
2. ) all living things are composed of cells
3. ) cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
4. ) new cells are produced from existing cells

Question 1

Who was the first person to see and identify cells?

Answer 1

Robert Hooke

Question 2

What are the similarities between a transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, and confocal light microscope?

Answer 2

All are used to be able to see cells on a molecular level.

Question 3

What does a confocal light microscope do?

Answer 3

Builds 3-D image.

Question 4

What does a transmission electron microscope do?

Answer 4

It uses electrons to pass through thin samples.

Question 5

What does a scanning electron microscope do?

Answer 5

It operates in air and in a solution to produce 3-D images.

Question 6

Why are fluorescent labels used?

Answer 6

To study molecules in a cells. (Such as organelles)

Question 7

What 2 characteristics must a cell have?

Answer 7

1. ) it must be surrounded by a cell membrane

2. ) it must contains DNA (genetic info)

Question 8

What is the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes? Example of each?

Answer 8

Eukaryotes contain a nucleus and prokaryotes do not.
Eukaryotes- animal and plant cells
Prokaryotes- bacteria

Question 9

True of False: Eukaryotes are more complex than prokaryotes.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

True of false: Prokaryotes are much larger than eukaryotes.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

What is a small molecule that functions within a cell?

Answer 11

An organelle

Question 12

What is the portion of the cell outside the nucleus?

Answer 12

Cytoplasm

Question 13

What is the center of cell? (Control center)

Answer 13

Nucleus

Question 14

Which 2 microscopes build a 3D image?

Answer 14

Confocal light microscope and the scanning electron microscope

Question 15

Which microscopes use electrons?

Answer 15

Scanning ELECTRON microscope and transmission ELECTRON microscope.

Question 16

Where is DNA found in the cell?

Answer 16

Nucleus

Question 17

What is chromatin and where is it found in the cell?

Answer 17

DNA bound to protein; the nucleus.

Question 18

What is the function of a nucleolus?

Answer 18

It is where ribosome assembly begins.

Question 19

What contains pores allowing protein, RNA, etc. into and out of the cell?

Answer 19

Nuclear envelope.

Question 20

What are ribosomes composed of?

Answer 20

RNA and protein.

Question 21

What do ribosomes do?

Answer 21

They assemble proteins based on instructions from the nucleus.

Question 22

What is the function of the Rough ER?

Answer 22

Synthesized proteins that are being exported out of the cell.

Question 23

What is the function of the Smooth ER?

Answer 23

It synthesizes membrane lipids detoxifies drugs. (Commonly found in the liver)

Question 24

What is the difference between the smooth ER and rough ER?

Answer 24

The rough ER is covered in ribosomes giving it a rough appearance and the smooth ER is not.

Question 25

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 25

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for storage or secretion and receives proteins for the Rough ER.

Question 26

What are the functions of lysosomes?

Answer 26

Filled with digestive enzymes in order to digest lipids, carbs, and proteins while breaking down old organelles.

Question 27

What is the function of a vacuole?

Answer 27

Stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates while maintains the cells homeostasis. Serve as structural support in plants.

Question 28

What makes the chloroplasts and mitochondria different from the rest of the organelles?

Answer 28

They have a double membrane and both contain their own DNA

Question 29

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 29

Converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds more useful to the cell.

Question 30

What is the function of a chloroplast?

Answer 30

It is found is plants and captures energy from the sun and converts it into a chemical energy.

Question 31

What organelle(s) are found in plant cells but not animal?

Answer 31

Chloroplasts and cell wall

Question 32

What is the cytoskeleton?

Answer 32

A network of protein filaments that are mostly used for movement and structure.

Question 33

What do the centrioles do?

Answer 33

They organize cell division.

Question 34

What does the cell membrane have the helps move materials from in and out of the cell? What are they made out of?

Answer 34

Protein channels made out of protein.

Question 35

Define diffusion.

Answer 35

The movement of particles from a higher concentration tons lower.

Question 36

Define osmosis.

Answer 36

The movement of water molecules from a higher concentration to a lower.

Question 37

Define facilitated diffusion.

Answer 37

Transporting molecules that are too big for diffusion into the membrane using protein channels.

Question 38

What is active transport?

Answer 38

The movement AGAINST the concentration gradient and requires energy.

Question 39

What is the function of a cell membrane?

Answer 39

1. ) regulation 2. ) protection 3. ) support

Question 40

What are the two parts of a membrane

Answer 40

Head: phosphate Tail: fatty acid

Question 41

What is the function of a cell wall?

Answer 41

To provide support and protection.

Question 42

What is the cell membrane composed of?

Answer 42

Carbohydrate fibers and proteins.

Question 43

What are the levels of organization of cells?

Answer 43

Cells Tissue Organ Organ system

Question 44

What are two examples of endocytosis?

Answer 44

Pinocytosis and phagocytosis

Question 45

Define pinocytosis.

Answer 45

Taking in fluid. (To drink)

Question 46

Define phagocytosis.

Answer 46

Taking in chunks. (To eat)

Question 47

Define endocytosis.

Answer 47

To take in by engulfing. (Amoeba do this)

Question 48

How to find concentration?

Answer 48

Mass of solutes per volume of solution.

Question 49

Define equilibrium.

Answer 49

When the system has same concentration throughout; no net movement.

Question 50

Isotonic

Answer 50

When concentration is equal

Question 51

Hypotonic

Answer 51

More diluted side.

Question 52

Hypertonic

Answer 52

More concentrated side

Question 53

Define osmotic pressure.

Answer 53

Pressure on the hypertonic side of selectively permeable membrane.

Question 54

Why aren't animal cells harmed by osmotic pressure?

Answer 54

Blood is isotonic.

Question 55

Why aren't plant cells harmed by osmotic pressure?

Answer 55

Plants have a rigid cell wall.

Question 56

Define exocytosis.

Answer 56

Releasing large amounts of material from the cell by having a vacuole surround the material and fuse with the cell membrane.

Question 57

What is the most abundant life form?

Answer 57

Unicellular organisms (single-celled organism)

Question 58

Cell specialization

Answer 58

Cells developing in different ways to preform different tasks.