chapter 10

Question 1

division of a nuclear material

Answer 1

mitosis

Question 2

no mitosis because no nucleus

Answer 2

prokaryotes

Question 3

bacteria divide by

Answer 3

binary fusion (no sex)

Question 4

5 phases of mitosis

Answer 4

prophase
prometaphase
metaphase
anaphase
telephase

Question 5

individual condensed chromosomes first become visual with light.
-nucleous envelope

Answer 5

prophase

Question 6

transition occurs after dissembly of nuclear envelope

-basically tug-r-war until chromosomes are lined up

Answer 6

prometaphase

Question 7

centromeres line in middle.

kintochore are attached

Answer 7

metaphase

Question 8

sister chromtids separate and go to the polar

-cohesion goes away

Answer 8

anaphase

Question 9

spindle apparatus dissembly nucleus began to reform

Answer 9

telephase

Question 10

structure contracts to pinch cell in 2

Answer 10

septation

Question 11

what protein is in most prokaryotes

Answer 11

FTSZ

Question 12

membrane disintergrates in what cells

Answer 12

animal

Question 13

every species have diff. number of chromosomes

Answer 13

eukaryotic chromosomes

Question 14

humans have __ pairs of chromosomes

Answer 14

23

Question 15

additional or missing chromosomes in eukaryotic cells are usually

Answer 15

fatal

Question 16

what is composed of chromatin?

Answer 16

chromosomes

Question 17

chromatin in composed of?

Answer 17

DNA, proteins, some RNA

Question 18

DNA of a single chromosome is what?

Answer 18

one long continuous double-stranded fiber

Question 19

more compact, genes turned off, very little transcription

Answer 19

heterochromatin

Question 20

gens on, less compact, more transcription

Answer 20

euchromatin

Question 21

nucleosome

-DNA coiled around 8 histone proteins every 200 nucleotides

Answer 21

1st level of DNA compaction

Question 22

solenoid

-nucleosomes wrapped into higher order coils

Answer 22

2nd level of DNA compaction

Question 23

scaffold

-during mitosis, chromatin in solenoid arranged around scaffold of protein to achieve maximum compaction

Answer 23

3rd level of DNA compaction

Question 24

2 complete sets of chromosomes

-46 total chromosomes

Answer 24

diploid(2n) or somatic cells

Question 25

1 set of chromosomes 23 in humans ex: sex cells (gametic cells)

Answer 25

Haploid (n)

Question 26

pair of chromosomes are

Answer 26

Homologous

Question 27

homologous chromosomes carry what

Answer 27

genes for the same trait but come from different sources

Question 28

microscopic view of chromosomes

Answer 28

kayotype

Question 29

happens in interphase. copying in all of DNA

Answer 29

replication

Question 30

what is in interphase?

Answer 30

G1, S, G2

Question 31

replication happens in what?

Answer 31

S (synthesis)

Question 32

after replication, each chromosome composed of what?

Answer 32

2 identical DNA molecules

Question 33

chromatids attach at what?

Answer 33

centromere

Question 34

cohesion proteins attach where?

Answer 34

chromatids

Question 35

primary growth phase. longer than ___

Answer 35

G1 | G2

Question 36

microtubules start to organize

Answer 36

G2

Question 37

____ replicate in interphase

Answer 37

organelles

Question 38

M

Answer 38

mitosis

Question 39

process of dividing the cytoplasm and its contents

Answer 39

Cytokineses

Question 40

cytokineses starts towards what and continues where?

Answer 40

anaphase | telephase

Question 41

does cytokinesis happens the same way for plant and animal cells?

Answer 41

no

Question 42

depends on cell type

Answer 42

duration

Question 43

some cells go through what?

Answer 43

G0

Question 44

What is mitosis for?

Answer 44

growth, repair, development

Question 45

attachment site for microtubules

Answer 45

kinetochore proteins

Question 46

3 checkpoints for the cell cycle

Answer 46

g1/S G2/M late metaphase

Question 47

Active CDC2/G, cyclin

Answer 47

G1

Question 48

inactive CDC2/mitotic cyclin

Answer 48

G2

Question 49

APC

Answer 49

Late metaphase

Question 50

enzymes that phosphorylate proteins | -determines whether the cell is on or off

Answer 50

cyclin-dependent kinases

Question 51

also called mitosis-promoting factor (MPF) | - activity of CDK is also controlled by pattern of phosphorylatin

Answer 51

CDK - cyclin complex

Question 52

act by triggering intracellular signaling systems

Answer 52

growth factor

Question 53

can override cellular controls that otherwise inhibit cell divison

Answer 53

growth factor

Question 54

unrestrained, uncontrolled growth of cells | -failure of cell cycle control

Answer 54

cancerous tumor

Question 55

what two kinds of genes can disturb the cell cycle when they are mutated?

Answer 55

Tumor surpressor proteins and proto-oncogens

Question 56

dont want them to be off too much

Answer 56

tumor surppressor proteins

Question 57

gene that has potential to form cancer if one to many

Answer 57

proto-oncogens

Question 58

PS3 proteins monitors integrity of damage to form cancer cells

Answer 58

tumor surpressor proteins