Chapter 10

Question 1

inner force that activates or moves a person towards a goal

Answer 1

motivation

Question 2

something that prompts a person to action

Answer 2

motive

Question 3

toward force is ___motivation, away force is ___ motivation

Answer 3

positive; negative

Question 4

when unable to meet goals, may exhibit these defensive behaviours:

Answer 4

withdrawal, aggression, substitution, compensation, revert/regress, repression, projection, rationalization

Question 5

order of maslow’s hierarchy?

Answer 5

physiological, safety, social, esteem, actualization

Question 6

Alderfer proposed this model of human needs:

Answer 6

Existence Relatedness Growth (frustration regression principle)

Question 7

This theory proposed by McClelland:

Answer 7

achievement-power-affiliation

Question 8

Herzberg developed this theory:

Answer 8

two-factor theory focusing on outcomes of performance that satisfy needs

Question 9

factors related to job satisfaction:

Answer 9

achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement, the work itself, potential for growth

Question 10

factors related to job dissatisfaction:

Answer 10

pay, supervision, job security, working conditions, org policies, interpersonal relationships

Question 11

theory based on belief that ppl act in such a manner as to increase pleasure and decrease displeasure

Answer 11

expectancy

Question 12

ppl expect that ^ effort leads to ^ ___, which ^_____

Answer 12

performance; rewards

Question 13

value an employee places on rewards offered by org

Answer 13

valence

Question 14

Skinner’s theory that ppl behave in certain ways cuz learned that certain behaviours associated with positive and others with negative outcomes

Answer 14

reinforcement (operant conditioning, behaviour modification)

Question 15

how to achieve “flow” (intrinsic motivation)?

Answer 15

high skill level for task and high challenge lvl in task itself

Question 16

4 components of job satisfaction:

Answer 16

personality, values, work situation, social influence

Question 17

job satisfaction vs. morale?

Answer 17

individual’s feelings/attitudes about job vs. group attitudes

Question 18

job-satisfied employees more likely to engage in:

Answer 18

Organizational Citizenship Behaviours (OCBs), positive voluntary behaviours enhancing org efficiency

Question 19

___ commitment is when employees happy to be part of org and want to stay, ___ commitment is when employees think cost of leaving too great and have to stay

Answer 19

affective; continuous

Question 20

French and Raven’s 7 types of power:

Answer 20

legitimate, reward, coercive, expert, referent, information, connection

Question 21

What is Theory X?

Answer 21

motivation through fear , need close supervision to reach goals

Question 22

What is Theory Y?

Answer 22

permitting employees to experience personal satisfaction and be self directed

Question 23

Argyris’s theory?

Answer 23

Immaturity-Maturity

Question 24

George and Jones’ 8 traits of leaders:

Answer 24

integrity and honesty, emotional maturity, intelligence, task-relevant knowledge, dominance, self confidence, energy/activity level, tolerance for stress

Question 25

two major concepts of leadership by Uni of Michigan studies:

Answer 25

employee orientation and production orientation

Question 26

4 basic management styles (Likert):

Answer 26

exploitive autocratic, benevolent autocratic, consultative, participative

Question 27

2 dimensions of leadership by Ohio State studies:

Answer 27

consideration and initiating structure

Question 28

7 basic styles of leadership:

Answer 28

impoverished, country club, authority obedience, mid road, team, paternalistic, opportunistic

Question 29

5 best practices of Leadership Practices Inventory:

Answer 29

challenging the process, inspiring shared vision, enabling others, modeling the way, encouraging the heart

Question 30

Tannenbaum and Schmidt developed this :

Answer 30

leadership continuum (telling-->delegating)

Question 31

three components that affect leadership appropriate for situation:

Answer 31

manager, subordinates, situation

Question 32

Fiedler's Contingency Approach proposes 3 variables to determine whether a given situation is favourable to leaders:

Answer 32

leader-member relations, task structure, position power

Question 33

task oriented better in _____, relationship oriented better in _____

Answer 33

extreme situations; moderate situations

Question 34

3 components of leader effectiveness model?

Answer 34

task behaviour and relationship behaviour , worker readiness (willingness and ability)

Question 35

what is consistency?

Answer 35

using same style for all similar situations and varying appropriately as situation changes

Question 36

path-goal leadership model focuses on these 4 types of leader behaviour:

Answer 36

directive, supportive, achievement oriented, participative

Question 37

Path-Goal leadership based on ___ concept of motivation

Answer 37

expectancy

Question 38

Path-goal leadership focuses on 2 situational factors:

Answer 38

internal or external locus of control, characteristics of work enviro

Question 39

Bass' transformational leadership focuses on transforming followers to do these three things:

Answer 39

trust the leader, perform and contribute to further org goals, perform at high level

Question 40

leadership that is opposite of transformational, focusing on clarifying roles and responsibilities and using rewards/punishments to achieve goals

Answer 40

transactional

Question 41

what are Yukl's three additional leadership competencies?

Answer 41

emotional intelligence, social intelligence, and metacognition

Question 42

6 leadership styles within primal model:

Answer 42

visionary, coaching, affiliative, democratic, pacesetter, commanding

Question 43

Techniques for leader development:

Answer 43

360-degree feedback, networking, executive coaching, mentoring, job assignments, action learning

Question 44

4 dimensions of DiSC?

Answer 44

Dominance, influence, steadiness, comscientiousness

Question 45

management vs leadership?

Answer 45

complexities vs change, organize/staff vs. aligning/communicating/empowering, control/push vs. empower, present vs. future, policies/procedures vs. goals/strategies, objective vs. emotional, positional vs. personal

Question 46

7 habits of highly effective ppl are:

Answer 46

proactivity, begin with end in mind, put first things first, think win/win, seek first to understand before being understood, synergize, renew yourself

Question 47

several guidelines to better accept and adjust to change:

Answer 47

accept, anticipate, monitor, adapt quickly, change, enjoy, be ready to change quickly