Chapter 10

Question 1

The movement of gases from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Answer 1

Diffusion

Question 2

The diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide that takes place between the alveoli and circulating blood

Answer 2

Pulmonary respiration

Question 3

The diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide that takes place between the cells and circulating blood

Answer 3

Cellular respiration

Question 4

COPD

Answer 4

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 5

Anemia

Answer 5

A disease that causes low amounts of hemoglobin in the blood

Question 6

The exchange of gases

Answer 6

Respiration

Question 7

The exchange of gases between alveoli and the blood

Answer 7

External respiration

Question 8

Gas exchange Between the blood and the cells

Answer 8

Internal respiration

Question 9

Low levels of oxygen

Answer 9

Hypoxia

Question 10

Chemoreceptors

Answer 10

Special sensor in the cardiovascular system detect increasing levels of carbon dioxide as well as low levels of oxygen

Question 11

The production of breathing to the point where oxygen intake is not sufficient to support life

Answer 11

Respiratory failure

Question 12

When breathing completely stops

Answer 12

Respiratory arrest

Question 13

Adequate breathing

Answer 13

Need supplemental oxygen due to a medical or traumatic condition

Question 14

Respiratory failure interventions

Answer 14

Assisted ventilation pocket mask bag valve mask or FROPVD

Question 15

Respiratory arrest interventions

Answer 15

Artificial ventilation pocket mask bag valve mask FROPVD
10-12 breaths per min adult
20 breaths per min infant or child

Question 16

FROPVD

Answer 16

Flow restricted oxygen powered ventilation device

Question 17

Signs of adequate breathing

Answer 17

Look -Adequate an equal expansion of both sides of the chest on inhale, expose and visually inspect the chest

Listen-listen for air entering and leaving the nose mouth and chest should be present in equal on both sides free of gurgling gasping crowing beating snoring and stridor

Feel-Air moving out of the nose or mouth

Question 18

Adequate breathing rates

Answer 18

Adult 12 to 20 per minute
Child 15 to 30 per minute
Infant 25 to 50 per minute

Rhythm-regular
Depth-adequate

Question 19

Major causes of Hypoxia

Answer 19

A patient trapped in a fire 
Emphysema
Overdoses on drug depressing effect on respiratory system
Patient heart attack
Stroke 
Shock

Question 20

Forcing air or oxygen into the lungs when a patient has stopped breathing or has in adequate

Answer 20

Positive pressure ventilation artificial ventilation

Question 21

Side effects of positive pressure

Answer 21

Decrease in cardiac output dropping blood pressure

Gastric distention

Hyperventilation

Question 22

Gastric distention

Answer 22

Filling stomach with air through the esophagus

Side effects vomiting and restriction of movement of the diaphragm

Question 23

Hyperventilation

Answer 23

Ventilate to quickly causes too much carbon dioxide to be blown off vasoconstriction can limit blood flow to the brain

Question 24

Adequate ventilation

Answer 24

Rise and fall of chest
Appropriate rate 10 to 12 per minute for adults
20 per minute in children
minimum of 20 per minute in infants

Question 25

Inadequate artificial ventilation

Answer 25

Chest is not rise and fall | rate of ventilation is too fast or too slow

Question 26

Proper artificial ventilation for patients with rapid ventilation

Answer 26

Seal mask to the face squeeze bag with patients inhalation deliver ventilation with the start of patient’s own inhalation Increase volume of breaths but ventilating fewer times per minute but greater volume per breath

Question 27

Proper artificial ventilation for patient slow ventilation

Answer 27

Squeeze bag every time patient begins to inhale if rate is very slow then ventilate between patients own to obtain a rate of approximately 10 to 12 per minute 20 for children and infants

Question 28

CPAP

Answer 28

Continuous positive airway pressure

Question 29

BIPAP

Answer 29

Biphasic continuous positive airway pressure

Question 30

NPPV

Answer 30

Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation

Question 31

BVM

Answer 31

Self refining shell that is easily cleaned and sterilized must have a non-jam valve that allows oxygen in the flow of 15 L per minute valve should be nonrebreathing not subject to freezing in cold temperatures Standard 15/22 respiratory fitting

Question 32

Bvm stats

Answer 32

Without reservoir delivers 50% oxygen With reservoir delivers 100% oxygen The bag holds anywhere from 1000 to 1600 mL of air Deliver breaths every 5 sec for adult Every 3 for ahold or infant

Question 33

Stoma

Answer 33

Surgical opening in the neck which the patient breaths out of

Question 34

Stoma bvm

Answer 34

Clear mucus or secretions from stoma keep head in a neutral position Use pediatric size mask If unable to ventilate stoma deal stoma Family through mouth and nose will only work if trachea is still connected to passageways mouth nose pharynx

Question 35

FROPVD

Answer 35

Manually triggered ventilation device Oxygen 100% up to 40 L per minute Inspiratory pressure relief valve opens at approximately 60 cm o water pressure Audible alarm when the relief valve is activated

Question 36

Oxygen therapy

Answer 36

21% percent oxygen in the atmosphere Oxygen is a drug oxygen can cause harm In perfusion situations at cellular level heart attack or stroke Anaerobic metabolism builds up in the cell when perfusion is restored oxygen reacts with free radicals causing significant damage at the cellular level

Question 37

Oxygen cylinders

Answer 37

``` D 350 liters 0.16 E 625 liters 0.28 M 3,000 liters 1.56 G 5,300 liters 2.41 H 6,900 liters 3.14 K 3.14 ``` Never let tank go below 200 psi Green or white United States and uk Always use a pressure gauges regulator tubing Always use nonferrous oxygen wrenches plastic or non Iron metals

Question 38

Pressure regulator

Answer 38

Connect to cylinder provide safe working pressure 30 to 70 psi