Chapter 10

Question 1

What is the definition of M phase?

Answer 1

Mitosis

Question 2

What is the M phases divided into?

Answer 2

Prophase

Prometaphase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Question 3

How do bacteria reproduce?

Answer 3

Binary fission

Question 4

The German biologist, Walter Flemming, was the first to microscopically observe which of the following processes?

Answer 4

Mitosis

Question 5

The cells of most eukaryotes have between ____ and ____ chromosomes, although some species can have hundreds or even thousands of chromosomes.

Answer 5

10

50

Question 6

Chromatin is a complex with ~40% DNA and _____

Answer 6

~60% Protein

Question 7

In bacterial cells, the replication of DNA begins at a specific site called the _____ of replication, and proceeds in both directions around the circular DNA until a specific _____ is reached.

Answer 7

orgin

termination

Question 8

During DNA replication the chromosomes contract and the identical halves are called _____ _____.

Answer 8

Sister

Chromatid

Question 9

How do bacteria reproduce?

Answer 9

Binary Fission

Question 10

Typically, a dividing mammalian cell completes its cell cycle in about how many hours?

Answer 10

24 hours

Question 11

When DNA replicates the sister chromatids are held together at their centromeres by which of the following complex of proteins?

Answer 11

Cohesins

Question 12

During _____ which includes the G1, S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, the cell grows and chromosomes replicate in preparation for cell division.

Answer 12

interphase

Question 13

In multicellular eukaryotic organisms, the production of new cells follows a highly regulated sequence of growth, DNA replication, and division. This sequence is referred to as the cell _____, which consists of the G1, S, G2, and M phases.

Answer 13

Cycle

Question 14

During the five phases of _____, the replicated genetic material is partitioned into _____ new nuclei.

Answer 14

Mitosis

two

Question 15

Condensation of chromosomes is initiated in the ____ phase of interphase and continues until the end of prophase.

Answer 15

G2

Question 16

While preparing to divide, the cell grows and copies its chromosomes during _____.

Answer 16

Interphase

Question 17

During prometaphase, sister chromatids attach to the spindle by their _____ , which are attached to the centromere region of each sister chromatid.

Answer 17

kinetochores

Question 18

During _____ the chromosomes are aligned midway between the spindle poles.

Answer 18

metaphase

Question 19

The pairs of sister chromatids align themselves in a single row along a plane half-way between the poles during which of the following phases of mitosis?

Answer 19

Metaphase

Question 20

While preparing to divide, the cell grows and copies its chromosomes during which of the following stage?

Answer 20

Interphase

Question 21

The shortest stage of mitosis is _____.

Answer 21

anaphase

Question 22

During _____ the chromosomes are aligned midway between the spindle poles.

Answer 22

metaphase

Question 23

During telophase, chromosomes uncoil to allow for gene _____.

Answer 23

expression

Question 24

A cleavage furrow is typically formed during cytokinesis in ___ cells.

Answer 24

animal

Question 25

During the stage of mitosis known as _____ , gene expression resumes, as chromosomes uncoil.

Answer 25

telophase

Question 26

Cytokinesis involves the formation of a cleavage _____ in animal cells and a cell _____ in plant cells.

Answer 26

furrow plate

Question 27

The _____ apparatus is broken down during telophase.

Answer 27

spindle

Question 28

If necessary (e.g., if DNA is damaged), the cell cycle can be arrested at specific points called \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 28

Checkpoints

Question 29

MPF is composed of two parts: a cyclin component and a ____ component.

Answer 29

kinase

Question 30

What enzymes control the progression of cells through the cell cycle checkpoints?

Answer 30

Cdks

Question 31

Phosphorylation within the cell cycle is performed by enzymes called

Answer 31

Cdks

Question 32

Two irreversible points in the cell cycle are replication of ___ material and ____ of sister chromatids.

Answer 32

DNA separation

Question 33

The cell cycle of multicellular eukaryotes is regulated by several ____ and many different _____ signals.

Answer 33

Cdks external

Question 34

A _____ is a cluster of cells that have lost control of their growing.

Answer 34

tumor

Question 35

The _____ enzymes control progression through the checkpoints in the cell cycle.

Answer 35

Cdk

Question 36

The first tumor-suppressor gene discovered as the cause of which of the following?

Answer 36

Familial cancer retinoblastoma

Question 37

Cdks are enzymes which regulate proteins within the cell cycle via \_\_\_\_.

Answer 37

phosphorylation

Question 38

The cell _____ of multicellular eukaryotes is regulated by Cdks and external signals.

Answer 38

cycle