Chapter 14 Study Notes Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 14 Study Notes Deck (20)
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1
Q

Griffith performed experiments, which demonstrated

A

transformation in bacteria.

2
Q

X-ray diffraction was used to determine that the diameter of a DNA molecule is ______

A

2 nm

3
Q

Griffith’s experiments were important because they showed

A

that the genetic material could be passed from one cell to another

4
Q

In their experiments, Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty isolated a substance, which had a transforming activity. Which of the following destroyed that substance’s ability to transform bacterial cells?

A

DNA digesting enzymes

5
Q

The experiments with radioactively labeled phage that showed that DNA was the genetic material were performed by

A

Hershey and Chase

6
Q

List components of a nucleotide:

A

phosphate group

nitrogenous base

sugar

7
Q

Franklin used x-ray _____ to suggest that DNA has a helical structure.

A

diffraction

8
Q

The DNA backbone is composed of

A

phosphate groups.

sugars.

9
Q

Characteristics of the transforming substance isolated by Avery, MacLeod and McCarty.

A

RNA-digesting enzymes did not affect its transforming ability.

Protein-digesting enzymes did not affect its transforming ability.

DNA-digesting enzymes destroyed its transforming ability.

The elemental composition of the substance was very similar to that of DNA.

10
Q

DNA’s phosphodiester _____ is composed of sugars and phosphates.

A

backbone

11
Q

The DNA structure proposed by Watson and Crick involves

A

a sugar phosphate backbone

a helical structure

two grooves (major and minor)

12
Q

DNA replication that leads to the production of double helices with one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand is consistent with

A

semiconservative replication

13
Q

Of the following list, which 3 items are required for DNA replication

A

nucleotides

template

polymerase

14
Q

During DNA replication _______ strand is synthesized continuously while the ________ strand is synthesized as small fragments that are connected to each other to form a continuous strand.

A

Leading

Lagging

15
Q

Features of the Watson and Crick model include:

A

a helical structure

a sugar phosphate backbone

a double stranded structure

16
Q

DNA replication in eukaryotic cells is complicated by the fact that eukaryotic cells have

A

linear chromosomes

17
Q

When the double stranded DNA helix is unwound, two single strands of DNA are formed. These strands have to be stabilized because their hydrophobic bases are exposed to water. The proteins that stabilize the two single strands are called

A

single-strand binding proteins

18
Q

Which types of cells have more than one origin of replication?

A

Eukaryotes

19
Q

The enzyme that relieves DNA supercoiling ahead of the replication fork is

A

DNA gyrase

20
Q

The function of telomeres is to

A

protect the end of chromosomes