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PHYSICS > CHAPTER 10 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

equation for resultant force

A

resultant force= mass x acceleration

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2
Q

what does Newtons second law say

A

the acceleration of an object is :
proportional to the resultant force on the object
inversely proportional to the mass of the object

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3
Q

what do we need to change the velocity of an object

A

resultant force

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4
Q

what is inertia

A

the tendency to continue in the same state of motion

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5
Q

what is the inertial mass of an object

A

It is a measure of how difficult it is to change the velocity of the object

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6
Q

equation for inertial mass

A

force / acceleration

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7
Q

what is the acceleration of an object the same as

A

the resultant force

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8
Q

when does the object decelerate

A

when the resultant force is in the opposite direction to the velocity of the object

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9
Q

when does an object accelerate

A

when the resultant force is in the same direction as the velocity of the object

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10
Q

why does an object fail

A

its weight

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11
Q

what is your weight caused by

A

the force of attraction between you and the earth

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12
Q

why do you weigh less than the equator

A

weaker force of attraction

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13
Q

how much is 1N

A

100 g

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14
Q

what is your weight (N)

A

the force acting on you due to gravity

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15
Q

what is your mass kg

A

the quantity of matter inside you

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16
Q

equation for weight kg

A

weight = mass x gravitational field strength

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17
Q

in which direction will friction always act

A

opposite to the direction of movement

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18
Q

when an object falls in a fluid, why does its acceleration decrease as it falls

A

the frictional force increases as it speeds up, so the resultant force on it decreases and therefore its acceleration decreases

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19
Q

when does an object reach terminal velocity

A

when the frictional force on it is equal and opposite to its weight and accelerating force

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20
Q

how does streamlining help

A

reduces drag so the fluid flows easily around the object

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21
Q

what happens when an object reaches terminal velocity

A

it falls at a constant speed

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22
Q

what causes objects to fall at different speed on earth

A

air resistance

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23
Q

what does the frictional force of an object depend

A

its shape and area

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24
Q

what does the braking distance of a vehicle depend on

A

its mass and speed when the brakes are applied

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25
why is it harder to stop when you are going faster
the greater the deceleration so the braking force needed is much greater
26
why is a stopping distance
the shortest distance a vehicle can safely stop in
27
how to work out stopping distance
thinking distance + braking distance
28
what is the thinking distance
the distance travelled by the vehicle in the time it takes the driver to react
29
what is thinking distance equal to
speed x reaction time
30
why is thinking distance proportional to speed
the car travels at a constant speed during the time it takes the driver to react
31
what is the braking distance
the distance travelled during the time the braking force acts
32
equation for stopping distance
thinking distance + braking distance
33
what two things is thinking distance affected by
speed and reaction time
34
why does speed increase thinking distance
the faster youre travelling the further youll travel in the time it takes you to react
35
examples of things increasing thinking distance 4
tiredness, alcohol, distractions and drugs
36
4 things affecting braking distance
speed, weather, condition of tyres, condition of brakes
37
what does the deceleration of a vehicle depend on
the friction between the road surface and the tyres
38
why does the condition of the road affect braking distance
if it is wet or icy there is less friction between the tyres and road, increasing your braking distance
39
why does the condition of the tyres affect braking distance
if tyres don't have any tread left, they cant get rid of water in wet conditions meaning they skid
40
why does the condition of brakes affect braking distance
worn brakes wont be able to apply as much force
41
equation for deceleration
a = v^2 - u^2 / 2S
42
what happens when the brake pedal is pressed
the brake pads press onto the wheel this causes friction, which causes work to be done the work done transfers energy from the kinetic store of the wheel to the thermal store of the brakes, causing them to heat up
43
equation for momentum
momentum = mass x velocity
44
why is momentum a vector
it has size and direction
45
what is the conservation of momentum
in a closed system, the total momentum before an event is equal to the total momentum after an event
46
what happens when things collide
they recoil with equal and opposite momentum
47
when two object collide and stick
before : the momentum was equal to the mass x velocity of the moving object. after : the weight has increased so velocity decreases
48
what is important to remember in momentum calculations
one object has positive momentum, the other has negative momentum
49
equation for the conversation of momentum
mass of a x velocity of a = mass of b x velocity of b
50
what happens when the impact time is increased
the impact force reduces
51
equation for force
mass x change in velocity / time take so change in momentum / time taken
52
why does a car crash injure a person
their change in momentum is very big, so the force exerted on their body will be greater
53
what happens when two cars collide
they exert equal and opposite impact forces on eachother `
54
why do we want to increase impact time
it decreases the force exerted on a person
55
why should you wear a cycle helmet
it contains crushable layer of foam which helps lengthen the time for your head to hit the ground and stop moving. this reduces the force of the impact
56
why do seatbelts keep us safe
the seatbelt is across the chest so spreads the force that would otherwise injure the persons head out they stretch which increases the time taken for us to stop moving and s decreases the force
57
how do airbags keep us safe
in a crash they inflate before we hit the dashboard it spreads the force of the impact across the upper part of a persons body and increases the impact time so the effect of the force is weaker
58
how do playmats keep us safe
they are made of foam so increase the time it takes us to stop moving
59
how do crumple zones keep us safe
they increase the time taken for a car to stop
60
what is braking distance proportional to
speed squared
61
what is an elastic object
one that can go back to its original shape when the forces that are deforming it are removed
62
what happens when an object is elastically deformed
work is done when a force stretches or compresses an object and causes energy to be transferred to its elastic potential store. if it is elastically deformed, all this energy is transferred to the elastic potential store
63
how to calculate the extension of a spring
the extended length - the original length
64
what is the extension of a spring directly proportional to
the force applied
65
what happens to the spring constant as the spring gets stiffer
increases
66
what is Hooke's law
the extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied, as long as the limit of proportionality is not reached
67
equation for Hooke's law
force applied = spring constant x extension
68
what does the limit of proportionality look like on a graph
the regular gradient will bend or change
69
what happens when a spring reaches its limit of proportionality
it wont go back to normal

PHYSICS (16 decks)

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