CHAPTER 7

Question 1

Which of the following are non ionising radiation?

Beta, ultrasound, infrared, light, gamma, x rays

Answer 1

light, ultrasound and infrared

Question 2

What radiation is used in an endoscope?

Answer 2

Light

Question 3

How does light travel through an endoscope?

Answer 3

Total internal reflection

Question 4

What radiation do CAT scans use?

Answer 4

X rays

Question 5

Ionising radiation is used to…

Answer 5

Treat cancer

Question 6

Uses of ultrasound

Answer 6

Scan babies
Detect lumps
Break up kidney stones

Question 7

What is released when fission takes place?

Answer 7

2 or 3 neutrons and energy

Question 8

What radiation is produced when nuclear fission takes place?

Answer 8

Gamma radiation

Question 9

What are the two small nuclei formed when fission occurs?

Answer 9

Fission fragments

Question 10

What are the most common substances used in fission reactors?

Answer 10

Uranium- 235 and Plutonium- 239

Question 11

What is gamma radiation?

Answer 11

High energy electromagnetic radiation

Question 12

What is the change of gamma radiation?

Answer 12

0

Question 13

Mass of gamma radiation

Answer 13

0

Question 14

Ionising power of gamma radiation

Answer 14

Very weakly ionising

Question 15

What does it take to stop gamma rays

Answer 15

A few centimetres of lead or several metres of concrete

Question 16

What is a beta particle?

Answer 16

A high energy electron

Question 17

Charge of beta particle

Answer 17

-1

Question 18

Mass of a beta particle

Answer 18

very small 1/1860

Question 19

Ionising power of beta particle

Answer 19

Weakly ionising

Question 20

How to stop beta radiation

Answer 20

few mm of aluminium

Question 21

what is an alpha particle

Answer 21

2 neutrons and 2 protons

Question 22

Charge of alpha particle

Answer 22

+2

Question 23

Mass of an alpha particle

Answer 23

4

Question 24

Ionising power of alpha particle

Answer 24

strongly ionising

Question 25

How to stop alpha radiation

Answer 25

Few cm of air

Question 26

why do substances emit radiation

Answer 26

The unstable nuclei become stable by doing so

Question 27

what did Ernest Rutherford discover

Answer 27

Alpha and beta radiation is made from different types of particles

Question 28

What is the atomic number

Answer 28

Number of protons or electrons

Question 29

What is the mass number

Answer 29

mass of nucleus

Question 30

mass of a proton

Answer 30

1

Question 31

mass of a neutron

Answer 31

1

Question 32

mass of an electron

Answer 32

very small 1/2000

Question 33

What is an alpha particle the same as?

Answer 33

A helium nucleus

Question 34

What happens when a nucleus emits alpha particle?

Answer 34

Atomic number -2 | Mass number -4

Question 35

What happens when a nucleus emits a beta particle?

Answer 35

Atomic number +1 | Mass number unchanged

Question 36

What is ionisation?

Answer 36

When an atom loses electrons because it has been exposed to radiation

Question 37

What is the activity of a radioactive source?

Answer 37

The number of unstable atoms in that source per second

Question 38

What is the half life?

Answer 38

The time taken for the number of atoms to halve

Question 39

Which type of radiation is used to destroy cancer cells?

Answer 39

Gamma

Question 40

Which radiation is used in smoke alarms?

Answer 40

Alpha

Question 41

Which radiation is used to measure the thickness of foil

Answer 41

Beta

Question 42

What happens in fission?

Answer 42

The nucleus of a substance is struck by a neutron causing the nucleus to halve and release neutrons

Question 43

Example of a chain reaction

Answer 43

Nuclear fission

Question 44

What is used in fission reactors

Answer 44

plutonium - 239 | uranium - 235

Question 45

Why is there water in a reactor?

Answer 45

So the neutrons collide with the water atoms and slow down

Question 46

What do control rods do

Answer 46

Absorb neutrons to keep chain reactions under control

Question 47

What is nuclear fusion

Answer 47

When two smaller nuclei form one larger one

Question 48

What is radon gas?

Answer 48

A isotope that emits alpha particles

Question 49

Why is nuclear waste a problem

Answer 49

Stays in environment for long time

Question 50

What did ernest Rutherford discover

Answer 50

The nucleus

Question 51

what makes a substance radioactive

Answer 51

An unstable nucleus

Question 52

What is important to remember about radioactive decay

Answer 52

It is random and unpredictable

Question 53

what is the plum pudding model of the atom

Answer 53

A cloud of positive charge with negative electrons sprinkled around

Question 54

What did Rutherford use alpha particles for

Answer 54

probe inside atoms

Question 55

What happens when a substance is irritated

Answer 55

It has been exposed to ionising radiation

Question 56

What is radioactive contamination

Answer 56

The unwanted presence of materials containing radioactive on other materials

Question 57

What is the count rate of a sample

Answer 57

The number of counts per second

Question 58

How are gamma rays used as tracers

Answer 58

Person swallows some of the radioactive substance containing gamma rays If the kidney is clear, the count should go up and down as water flows out of the kidney If the kidney is blocked it stays high as the body cant get rid of it

Question 59

Why is iodine used as a tracer

Answer 59

It has a short half life

Question 60

Why is gamma radiation used to treat cancer

Answer 60

It can penetrate further into the body

Question 61

Why can fusion only take place when the nuclei are moving fast

Answer 61

They must overcome the electrostatic forces of repulsion

Question 62

Why is fusion not currently being used for energy

Answer 62

It needs such high temperatures and pressures