Chapter 10 Flashcards
(42 cards)
What is a taxonomic group
Taxonomic groups of a hierarchical groups of classification
Name the seven taxanomic ranks
Kingdom phylum class order family genus species
What is binomial normenclature
The scientific naming system which uses the genus and the species so no two species can have the same generic and specific name
What are the five kingdoms
Animalia, plantae, fungi, prokaryotae and protoctista
What are animalia
Animalia are Eukaryotic, multicellular, no cell walls, have nucleus and heterotrophic (cannot make their own food)
What are plantae
Plantae are eukaryotic multicellular with cellulose cell walls autotrophic (can make their own food) and have a nucleus
What are fungi
fungi are eukaryotic with chittin cell walls saprotrophic (absorbs from dead organisms) and can be unicellular or multicellular
What are prokaryotae
Prokaryotae are prokaryotic unicellular and have no nucleus
What are protoctista
Protoctista are eukaryotic, unicellular and have a nucleus
What evidence has led to new classification systems
Genetic evidence through comparing DNA sequences shows how closely related species are
Biological molecules through comparing amino acid sequences in different species can also indicate a common ancestor
What are the differences between the new and the old classification system
The old classification system had the largest groups as the five kingdoms
in the new classification system the three domain system is introduced which splits prokaryotae into two of the domain archaea and bacteria and the rest are in eukarya
Why was the new classification system proposed with three domains
Molecular evidence as differences in the sequence of nucleotides in ribosomal DNA
Cell membrane evidence differences in the cell membrane lipid structure
What is phylogeny
Phylogeny is the evolutionary relationships between organisms
What is a phylogenetic tree and draw one
phylogenetic tree has the earliest species at the base of the tree and the most recent at the tips of the branches the close of the branches the close of the evolutionary relationship
Why is phylogenetic classification better than linear classification
phylogenetic classification produces a continuous tree which avoids separating organisms into groups they don’t quite fit where is linear classification is misleading as it implies different groups with the same rank are equivalent
What was Darwin’s contribution to evolution
Darwin made observations on finches and the Galapagos Islands and found birds on different Islands had beaks adapted to the food available these observations led him to develop his theory of evolution by natural selection
What was Wallace’s contribution to classification
Wallis also made observations about animals having adaptations to the surroundings including warning colouration in animals which led him to the theory of evolution by natural selection and he published his papers around the same time as darling but unfortunately it was Darwin’s book on the origin of species that got credit
How do fossils provide evidence for evolution
Fossils are the remains of organisms preserved in rocks the different layer of rocks they are found in indicates the era which can show gradual changes in organisms over a period of time due to evolution
How does DNA provide evidence for evolution
DNA can provide a timeline to when organisms have diverged from their common ancestor this is because evolution causes a slight change in base sequences so organisms that have diverge more recently will have more similar DNA to those who diverged before
How can molecular evidence provide evidence for evolution
similar to DNA organisms that have diverge more recently have more similar molecules such as amino acids proteins and antibodies so comparing biological molecules can help build a timeline for the evolution of an organism
What is interspecific variation
Interspecific variation is the differences between organisms of different species
What is intraspecific variation
Intraspecific variation is the differences between organisms of the same species
What is discontinuous variation
discontinuous variation is a characteristic can only result in discrete values such as blood groups in animals seed shape in plants and antibiotic resistance in microorganisms
What is continuous variation
Continuous variation is a characteristic that can take any value within a range such as mass in animals number of leaves in plants and length of microorganisms
