Chapter 10 - Acid-base (proton transfer) reactions

Question 1

Acid 

Answer 1

species that donates a proton, H+, during an acid-base reaction

Question 2

Acid-base reaction

Answer 2

chemical reaction where a proton, H+, is transferred between two chemical species

Question 3

Alkali 

Answer 3

a base that is soluble in water and neutralises acids

Question 4

Amphiprotic 

Answer 4

species that can either donate or accept a proton, H+

Question 5

Base 

Answer 5

species that accepts a proton, H+, during an acid-base reaction and are a group of substances that neutralise acids

Question 6

Brønsted-Lowry theory 

Answer 6

definition of an acid as a chemical species which donates a proton, H+, to a base

Question 7

Corrosive 

Answer 7

a highly reactive substance that causes obvious damage to tissue

Question 8

Deprotonation

Answer 8

loss of a proton, H+, from an acid

Question 9

Diprotic 

Answer 9

species that can donate up to two protons, H+, during ionisation

Question 10

Hydronium ion

Answer 10

positively charged chemical species with molecular formula H3O+

Question 11

Hydroxide ion 

Answer 11

negatively charged chemical species with molecular formula OH−

Question 12

Ionisation

Answer 12

process by which a chemical species gains or loses an electron to gain an electric charge

Question 13

Monoprotic 

Answer 13

species that can only donate one proton, H+, during ionisation

Question 14

Neutralise

Answer 14

react with an acid or a base to produce water

Question 15

Polyprotic

Answer 15

species that donates multiple protons, H+, during ionisation

Question 16

Protonated water 

Answer 16

alternate name for the hydronium ion, H3O+

Question 17

Strength

Answer 17

how readily an acid or base will donate or accept a proton, H+

Question 18

Triprotic

Answer 18

species that can donate up to three protons, H+, during ionisation

Question 19

Antacid

Answer 19

a weak base that is used to neutralise stomach acid

Question 20

Heartburn

Answer 20

a burning sensation in the chest, caused by acid regurgitation into the oesophagus

Question 21

Indigestion

Answer 21

pain or discomfort in the stomach

Question 22

Metal hydroxide

Answer 22

compound that neutralises acids to form a salt and water

Question 23

Metal carbonate

Answer 23

compound that neutralises acids to form a salt, water and carbon dioxide

Question 24

Metal hydrogencarbonate

Answer 24

compound that neutralises acids to form a salt, water and carbon dioxide

Question 25

Neutralisation reaction

Answer 25

a reaction between an acid and an alkali or base that forms a salt and water (and carbon dioxide when a metal carbonate is a reactant)

Question 26

Ulcer 

Answer 26

a break in the lining of an organ like the stomach

Question 27

Acidic solution

Answer 27

solution containing a greater concentration of hydronium ions than hydroxide ions

Question 28

Autoionisation

Answer 28

process by which an atom or molecule spontaneously forms ions

Question 29

Basic solution

Answer 29

solution containing a greater concentration of hydroxide ions than hydronium ions

Question 30

Ionic product of water

Answer 30

Kw, expression of the concentration of ions present in water at 25 °C

Question 31

Neutral solution

Answer 31

solution containing an equal concentration of hydronium and hydroxide ions

Question 32

pH 

Answer 32

measure of the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution

Question 33

pH scale

Answer 33

pH values arranged on a logarithmic scale

Question 34

Commercial indicator

Answer 34

an artificially prepared indicator

Question 35

Indicator

Answer 35

a substance that changes colour to indicate a pH range

Question 36

Litmus paper

Answer 36

paper used to indicate the acidity or basicity of a substance

Question 37

Natural indicator

Answer 37

an indicator made from naturally sourced substances

Question 38

pH meter 

Answer 38

an instrument used to measure the pH of a substance

Question 39

Combustion

Answer 39

when a fuel reacts with oxygen (also called burning)

Question 40

Calcification 

Answer 40

a chemical process that forms calcium carbonate

Question 41

Decalcification 

Answer 41

a chemical process that breaks down calcium carbonate

Question 42

Carbonic acid

Answer 42

formed by the reaction of carbon dioxide and water

Question 43

Exoskeleton

Answer 43

the outer shell of a marine creature that is made of calcium carbonate

Question 44

Marine invertebrates

Answer 44

ocean and sea creatures that do not have a backbone

Question 45

Nitric acid

Answer 45

can be formed from a series of reactions in the atmosphere between nitrogen gas, oxygen gas and water

Question 46

Sulfuric acid

Answer 46

can be formed from a series of reactions in the atmosphere between sulfur, oxygen gas and water