Chapter 2 - Covalent Substances

Question 1

Bond pair

Answer 1

pair of valence electrons that is shared between atoms in a covalent bond

Question 2

Covalent bonding

Answer 2

 bonding resulting from the sharing of electrons between non-metal atoms

Question 3

Diatomic molecule 

Answer 3

covalently bonded pair of atoms of the same or a different
non-metal element

Question 4

Electrostatic attraction

Answer 4

attraction between opposite charges

Question 5

Intramolecular bonds

Answer 5

 bonding between atoms within a molecule

Question 6

Lewis structure

Answer 6

representation of a molecule where valence electrons are shown as dots

Question 7

Lone pair

Answer 7

electron pairs of valence electrons not shared with another atom
in a covalent bond

Question 8

Molecule

Answer 8

when two or more non-metal atoms are covalently bonded together

Question 9

Molecular formula

Answer 9

actual number of atoms in a molecule

Question 10

Non-polar covalent bond

Answer 10

covalent bond between two atoms of similar electronegativity

Question 11

Permanent dipole 

Answer 11

permanent area of partial positive or partial negative charge
on a molecule

Question 12

Polar covalent bond

Answer 12

covalent bond between atoms of differing electronegativities

Question 13

Polar molecule

Answer 13

asymmetrical molecule with a partially positively charged end
and a partially negatively charged end

Question 14

Polarity 

Answer 14

property of having a partial positive and negative charge

Question 15

Structural formula

Answer 15

shows all the atoms and bonds in a molecule or compound

Question 16

Unpaired electron

Answer 16

electron in an orbital by itself

Question 17

Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR)

Answer 17

model used to predict
the different shapes of molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs

Question 18

Boiling point

Answer 18

temperature at which a liquid transitions into a gas

Question 19

Hydrogen bonding

Answer 19

a special type of permanent dipole-dipole attraction between
molecules (not a covalent bond) that results from the attractive force between
a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom such as an
N, O, or F atom

Question 20

Instantaneous dipole

Answer 20

partial positive and negative charge that appears
in an atom/molecule due to the random movement of electrons

Question 21

Intermolecular forces

Answer 21

 forces that attract adjacent molecules to each other

Question 22

Kinetic energy

Answer 22

the level of movement of a particle, molecule or molecular substance

Question 23

Melting point

Answer 23

temperature at which a substance changes state from solid to liquid

Question 24

Non-conductivity

Answer 24

the inability of a molecule to conduct electricity

Question 25

Molecular substance

Answer 25

substance with two or more non-metal atoms joined by covalent bonds

Question 26

Permanent dipole-dipole attraction

Answer 26

electrostatic force of attraction between the permanent dipoles of adjacent polar molecules

Question 27

Temporary dipole-dipole attraction (dispersion force)

Answer 27

electrostatic force of attraction between two instantaneous dipoles of adjacent molecules

Question 28

Allotrope

Answer 28

one of the different physical forms an element can take due to different structural arrangements of atoms

Question 29

Covalent layer lattice 

Answer 29

atoms covalently bonded together in a two-dimensional arrangement to form layers, held together by weak dispersion forces

Question 30

Covalent network lattice

Answer 30

regular three-dimensional arrangement of atoms covalently bonded together extending outwards

Question 31

Lattice 

Answer 31

a series of atoms arranged in a regular pattern

Question 32

Macromolecule

Answer 32

 molecule containing a very large number of atoms such as a giant atomic covalent lattice of diamond or graphite

Question 33

Tetravalent

Answer 33

 describes an atom with four electrons in its valence shell