Chapter 7 - Families of organic compounds

Question 1

Addition reaction 

Answer 1

a reaction in which one molecule combines with another molecule to form a larger molecule

Question 2

Alkane 

Answer 2

hydrocarbon that contains only single carbon to carbon bonds

Question 3

Alkene

Answer 3

hydrocarbon with at least one double carbon to carbon bond

Question 4

Carbon chain

Answer 4

linear set of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon

Question 5

Homologous series

Answer 5

series of hydrocarbons that have a similar chemical structure and chemical properties

Question 6

Hydrocarbon

Answer 6

compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon only

Question 7

Organic compounds 

Answer 7

compounds consisting of carbon atoms most commonly covalently bonded to hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus or oxygen atoms

Question 8

Saturated hydrocarbon

Answer 8

a hydrocarbon possessing only single bonds between carbon atoms

Question 9

Substitution reaction

Answer 9

one atom or group of atoms replacing a part of another molecule

Question 10

Unsaturated hydrocarbon

Answer 10

a hydrocarbon possessing at least one double bond between carbon atoms

Question 11

Alkyl group

Answer 11

a side-chain attached to the parent carbon chain, containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 12

Nomenclature 

Answer 12

system developed in order to identify organic compounds

Question 13

Parent chain

Answer 13

longest continuous chain of carbon-carbon bonds

Question 14

Parent name

Answer 14

component of systematic name that refers to the length of the parent chain

Question 15

Structural isomers

Answer 15

isomers that have the same molecular formula but the atoms are arranged in a different spatial arrangement

Question 16

Systematic name

Answer 16

standardised name used to identify organic compounds

Question 17

Alcohol

Answer 17

organic compound that has a hydroxyl (–OH) group bonded to a carbon atom in the parent chain

Question 18

Carboxylic acid

Answer 18

organic compound that contains a carboxyl functional group (–COOH)

Question 19

Carboxyl group 

Answer 19

functional group that has a carbon double bonded to an oxygen and singly bonded to a hydroxyl group

Question 20

Functional group 

Answer 20

specific groups of atoms within a compound that affect the properties of the compound

Question 21

Haloalkane 

Answer 21

organic compound that has one or more halogen atom bonded to a carbon atom in the carbon chain

Question 22

Halogen

Answer 22

element in group 17 of the periodic table (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine)

Question 23

Hydroxyl group

Answer 23

functional group consisting of an oxygen atom covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom (–OH)

Question 24

Biomass

Answer 24

any organic material made of plant or animal matter

Question 25

Crude oil

Answer 25

mixture of differently sized hydrocarbons found in underground deposits and used as a resource

Question 26

Ecosystem

Answer 26

community of life forms interacting with their environment

Question 27

Fossil fuel 

Answer 27

hydrocarbon-containing material formed in the Earth’s crust from plant and animal remains

Question 28

Non-renewable

Answer 28

unable to be naturally replenished

Question 29

Organic chemical 

Answer 29

any compound that contains carbon-carbon and/or carbon-hydrogen bonds

Question 30

Petrochemical

Answer 30

derived from crude oil

Question 31

Renewable 

Answer 31

comes from sources that naturally renew themselves at a rate that allows them not to become depleted

Question 32

Sustainable

Answer 32

can be produced at a rate that is greater than consumption without compromising future generations

Question 33

Synthesise

Answer 33

produce a chemical through reaction with other compounds

Question 34

Synthetic

Answer 34

produced artificially by humans using chemical reactions

Question 35

Adhesivity 

Answer 35

property of being sticky

Question 36

Bioaccumulation

Answer 36

phenomenon of increasing contaminant concentration in an organism over time

Question 37

Biomagnification 

Answer 37

phenomenon of higher contaminant concentration in organisms higher in the food chain

Question 38

Carcinogenic 

Answer 38

having the potential to cause cancer

Question 39

Food chain

Answer 39

a series of organisms each dependent on the next as a source of food

Question 40

Inertness

Answer 40

property of being unreactive

Question 41

Inhalant

Answer 41

chemical whose vapours can be concentrated and breathed in to produce intoxication, contrary to its intended usage

Question 42

Microbeads

Answer 42

manufactured microplastics less than 1 mm in length used in exfoliating products and toothpastes

Question 43

Microplastics 

Answer 43

polluting fragments of plastic less than 5 mm in length

Question 44

Ozone layer

Answer 44

layer within stratosphere with high concentration of ozone (O3) that absorbs UV radiation

Question 45

Solvent 

Answer 45

substance that dissolves another substance

Question 46

Stratosphere

Answer 46

layer of earth’s atmosphere 20–50 km above sea level