Chapter 10: Agression

Question 1

Types of aggressions

Answer 1

Hostile aggression (intent to harm driven by anger), instrumental aggression (harm as a means to an end), includes cyberbullying.

Question 2

Biological Causes of Aggression

Answer 2

Amygdala activation, genetics, hormones (testosterone), alcohol, and diet.

Question 3

Frustration-Aggression Theory

Answer 3

frustration increases likelihood of aggression, but not always directly.

Question 4

Displacement

Answer 4

Redirecting aggression to a safer or more acceptable target.

Question 5

Relative Deprivation

Answer 5

Feeling disadvantaged compared to others can increase aggression.

Question 6

Social Learning Theory

Answer 6

Aggression is learned through observing and imitating others, especially when aggressive behavior is rewarded.

Question 7

Perceived Rewards of Aggression

Answer 7

Aggression may be rewarded in families, sports, or culture, reinforcing the behavior.

Question 8

Aversive Incidents

Answer 8

Pain, heat, and other unpleasant experiences can trigger aggression.

Question 9

Arousal and Aggression

Answer 9

Physiological arousal can intensify aggressive responses, depending on how it is interpreted.

Question 10

Aggression Cues

Answer 10

Objects or symbols associated with aggression (e.g., weapons) can trigger aggressive thoughts and behaviors.

Question 11

Media Influences on Aggression

Answer 11

Violent TV, internet, and video games can increase aggression through desensitization, priming, and altered perceptions.

Question 12

Pornography and Sexual Violence

Answer 12

Consumption of violent pornography is linked to increased aggression and acceptance of sexual violence.

Question 13

Reducing Aggression

Answer 13

Catharsis theory (venting reduces aggression) lacks support; prosocial modeling and social learning approaches are more effective.