Chapter 9: Prejudice

Question 1

Prejudice

Answer 1

Negative attitude toward a group

Question 2

Discrimination

Answer 2

BEHAVIOR that treats people differently based on a group

Question 3

Implicit Prejudice

Answer 3

Unconcious and automatic

Question 4

Explicit Prejudice

Answer 4

Conscious and deliberate (done on purpose, intentional)

Question 5

Displays of Prejudice and Discrimination

Answer 5

Can be overt (direct) or subtle (indirect); includes racial, gender, and LGBT prejudice.

Question 6

Explicit discrimination

Answer 6

obvious and intentional

Question 7

Subtle discrimination

Answer 7

indirect, such as microaggressions or exclusion.

Question 8

Positive stereotypes

Answer 8

attribute favorable traits to a group

Question 9

Negative stereotypes

Answer 9

attribute unfavorable traits

Question 10

Measuring Explicit Prejudice

Answer 10

Typically assessed with surveys or questionnaires asking about attitudes or beliefs toward groups.

Question 11

Overt Prejudice Example

Answer 11

Hate speech, violence

Question 12

Subtle prejudice examples

Answer 12

Exclusion, biased hiring, micro aggression

Question 13

Brain Areas Related to Prejudice

Answer 13

Amygdala (fear, aggression) is often activated in response to perceived outgroup threats.

Question 14

Types of Gender Stereotypes

Answer 14

Benevolent sexism (positive but patronizing), hostile sexism (overtly negative), ambivalent sexism (combination of both).

Question 15

Social Inequalities: De Jure vs. De Facto

Answer 15

De jure: by law
de facto: by custom or practice.

Question 16

Systemic Supports for Prejudice

Answer 16

Social institutions like law, education, media, family, and religion can reinforce prejudice.

Question 17

Scapegoat Theory

Answer 17

Prejudice can happen when people feel frustrated and start blaming others (scapegoats) for their problems

Question 18

Social Identity Theory

Answer 18

People get a sense of pride from belonging to a group, which makes them favor their own group and look down on others.

Question 19

Minimal Group Paradigm

Answer 19

Even small or random differences between groups can make people favor their own group

Question 20

Motivation to Avoid Prejudice

Answer 20

People may avoid prejudice to appear unbiased or because they genuinely want to reduce their own biases.

Question 21

Categorization and Prejudice

Answer 21

Classifying people into groups is a natural process but can lead to stereotyping and prejudice.

Question 22

Own-Race Bias

Answer 22

Tendency to better recognize faces of one’s own race compared to others.

Question 23

Distinctiveness and Prejudice

Answer 23

People who stand out (are distinctive are more likely to be stereotyped.

Question 24

Group-Serving Biases

Answer 24

Attributing positive outcomes to internal factors and negative outcomes to external factors .

Question 25

Subtyping vs. Subgrouping

Answer 25

Subtyping: seeing exceptions to a stereotype as "different"; subgrouping: forming a new subgroup stereotype.

Question 26

Stereotype Threat

Answer 26

Anxiety about confirming a negative stereotype, which can harm performance (e.g., women in math, racial minorities in academics).