Chapter 10 - Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Question 1

Chromosomes

Answer 1

major carriers of genetic information in eukaryotes

Question 2

histones

Answer 2

proteins that facilitate chromosome packaging

Question 3

nucleosomes

Answer 3

structure consisting of eight histone molecules and DNA wrapped around it

Question 4

scaffolding proteins

Answer 4

nonhistone proteins that help maintian chromosome structure

Question 5

phases in cell cycle

Answer 5

interphase and m phase

Question 6

phases within interphase

Answer 6

G1, S, and G2

Question 7

What takes place in G1 phase?

Answer 7

Growth and normal metabolism. Towards end of this phase, enzymes required for DNA synthesis become more active. Synthesis of these enzymes enables cell to enter S phase

Question 8

What takes place in S phase?

Answer 8

DNA replicates and histone proteins are synthesized so that the cell can make duplicate copes of its chromosomes

Question 9

What takes place in G2 phase?

Answer 9

increased protein synthesis

Question 10

G1-S Checkpoint

Answer 10

ensures that cell has necessary growth factors, nutrients, and enzymes to synthesize DNA

Question 11

Metaphase-anaphase checkpoint (spindle checkpoint)

Answer 11

Prevents anaphase from occurring until all kinetochores are properly attached to spindle fibers along the cell’s midplane

Question 12

G2-M Checkpoint

Answer 12

ensures that DNA replication is finished BEFORE cell begins mitosis