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General Biology I > Chapter 39 Section 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 39 Section 1 Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy

A

the study of organisms’s structure

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2
Q

physiology

A

the study of how the body functions

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3
Q

tissue

A

a group of closely associated, similar cells that carry out specific functions

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4
Q

types of tissues

A

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

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5
Q

classification of tissue depends on

A

structure and origin

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6
Q

cells in each kind of tissue have characteristic

A

sizes, shapes, and arrangements

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7
Q

structure and function are closely linked

A

.

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8
Q

epithelial tissues cover the body and line its cavities

A

.

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9
Q

epithelial tissue

A

tissue that consists of cells fitted tightly together to form a continuous layer, or sheet, of cells.

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10
Q

lumen

A

the cavity in a hollow organ

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11
Q

basement membrane

A

the underlying tissue of an epithelial layer that consists of tiny fibers and nonliving polysaccharide material that the epithelial cells produce

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12
Q

functions of epithelial tissue

A

protection
absorption
secretion
sensation

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13
Q

epidermis

A

epithelial (outer) layer of the skin

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14
Q

squamous epithelial cells

A

thin, flat cells shaped like flagstones

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15
Q

cuboid epithelial cells

A

short cylinders that from the side appear cube-shaped, like dice.

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16
Q

columnar epithelial cells

A

look like columns or cylinders when viewed from the side

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17
Q

endothelium

A

the lining of blood and lymph vessels

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18
Q

gland

A

one or more epithelial cells specialized to produce and secrete a product such as sweat, milk, mucus, wax, saliva, hormones, or enzymes

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19
Q

goblet cells

A

mucus-secreting cells

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20
Q

exocrine glands

A

secrete their products onto a free epithelial surface

Ex) goblet cells and sweat glands

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21
Q

endocrine glands

A
  • lacks ducts
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22
Q

interstitial fluid

A

tissue fluid

23
Q

epithelial membrane

A

membrane that consists of a sheet of epithelial tissue and a layer of underlying connective tissue

24
Q

epithelial cells form membranes

A

.

25
Q

mucous membrane

A

membrane that lines a body cavity that opens to the outside of the body
Ex) digestive or respiratory tracts

26
Q

serous membrane

A

membrane that lines a body cavity that does not open to the outside of the body
Ex) pleural membranes - lungs
peicardial emembranes - heart

27
Q

connective tissues support other body structures

A

.

28
Q

intercellular substance

A

in connective tissues, the combination of matrix and fibers in which the cells are embedded

29
Q

fiber

A

microscopic, threadlike protein and carbohydrate complexes scattered through matrix of connective tissue

30
Q

matrix

A

thin gel of polysaccharides

31
Q

three types of connective tissue

A

collagen
elastic
reticular

32
Q

collagen fibers

A
  • most numerous

- made of collagens (a group of fibrous proteins)

33
Q

elastic fibers

A
  • fibers that branch and fuse to form networks

- composed of elastin

34
Q

reticular fibers

A

very thin branched fibers that form delicate networks joining connective tissue to neighboring tissues
- consist of collagen and some glycoprotein

35
Q

fibroblasts

A

connective tissue cells that produce the fibers, as well as the protein and carbohydrate complexes, of the matrix

36
Q

macrophages

A

the body’s scavenger cells

37
Q

main types of connective tissue

A
  • loose and dense
  • elastic
    -reticular
    -adipose
    cartilage
    bone
    blood, lymph, and tissues that produce cells
38
Q

loose connective tissue

A

the most widely distributed connective tissue in the vertebrate body

39
Q

dense connective tissue

A
  • found in the dermis (lower of the skin)

- very strong, but somewhat less flexible than loose connective tissue

40
Q

tendons

A

the cords that connect muscles to bones

41
Q

ligaments

A

the cables that connect bones to one another

42
Q

elastic connective tissue

A

consists mainly of bundles of parallel elastic fibers

43
Q

reticular connective tissue

A

composed mainly of interlacing reticular fibers

44
Q

adipose tissue

A

fatty tissue

45
Q

cartilage

A

the supporting skeleton in the embryonic stages of all vertebrates

46
Q

chondrocytes

A
  • the cells of cartilage
  • secrete a hard, rubbery matrix that surrounds them
  • secrete collagen fibers
47
Q

lacunae

A

small cavities in the matrix

48
Q

bone

A
  • the main vertebrate skeletal tissue

- like cartilage in that it consists mostly of matrix

49
Q

osteocytes

A
  • bone cells
  • contained within lacunae
  • secrete and maintain the matrix
50
Q

compact bone

A

outer layer of bone

51
Q

spongy bone

A

filling of bone

52
Q

osteon

A

spindle-shaped units that make up compact bone

53
Q

lamellae

A

.

General Biology I (6 decks)

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