Chapter 13 - Gene Expression

Question 1

DNA is transcribed to form ____

Answer 1

RNA

Question 2

Transcription

Answer 2

the synthesis of RNA from a DNA molecule

Question 3

messenger RNA

Answer 3

single strand of RNA that carries the information for making a protein

Question 4

transfer RNA

Answer 4

single strand of RNA that folds back on itself to form a specific shape

Question 5

ribosomal RNA

Answer 5

important part of the structure of ribosomes and has catalytic functions needed during protein synthesis

Question 6

RNA is translated to forma a ____

Answer 6

polypeptide

Question 7

translation

Answer 7

it involves conversion of the “nucleic acid language” in the mRNA molecule into the “amino acid language” of protein

Question 8

codon

Answer 8

a sequence of three consecutive bases in mRNA

Question 9

triplet code

Answer 9

the sequences of three nucleotides that compose the codons, the units of genetic information in mRNA that specify the order of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 10

anticodon

Answer 10

a sequence of three nuleotides in transfer RNA that is complementary to, and combines with, the three-nucleotide codon

Question 11

wobble hypothesis

Answer 11

the ability of some tRNA anticodons to associate with more than one mRNA codon; inthese cases the 5’ base of the anticodon is capable of forming hydrogen bonds with more than one kind of base in the 3’ position of the codon

Question 12

the synthesis of mRNA includes ____, ___, and ____

Answer 12

initiation, elongation, and termination

Question 13

mRNA

Answer 13

specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein

Question 14

tRNA

Answer 14

binds to specific amino acid and serve as adapter molecule when amino acids are incorporated into growing polypeptide chain

Question 15

rRNA

Answer 15

has both structural and cataltic (ribozyme) roles in ribosome