Chapter 10: Disease and immunity

Question 1

pathogen

Answer 1

a microorganism that causes diseases

Question 2

host

Answer 2

an organism in which a pathogen lives and reproduces

Question 2

transmissible disease

Answer 2

a disease that can be passed from one host to another

Question 3

toxin

Answer 3

a poisonous substance; a chemical that damages cells

Question 4

symptoms

Answer 4

features that you experience when you have a disease

Question 5

transmission

Answer 5

the movement of a pathogen from one host to another

Question 6

infection

Answer 6

the entry of a pathogen into the body of the host

Question 7

antigen

Answer 7

chemical that is being recognised by the body as being ‘foreign’

Question 8

immune response

Answer 8

the reaction of the body to the presence of an antigen

Question 9

memory cells

Answer 9

long-lived cells produced by the division of lymphocytes that have contacted their antigen

Question 10

vaccine

Answer 10

harmless preparation of dead or inactivated pathogens that is injected into the body to induce an immune response

Question 11

active immunity

Answer 11

long-term defence against a pathogen by antibody production in the body

Question 12

passive immunity

Answer 12

short-term defence against a pathogen by antibodies acquired from another indivual