Chapter 10 (DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis)

Question 1

deoxyribonucleic acid

Answer 1

Carries the genetic code for the production of proteins from one generation to another

Question 2

deoxyribose

Answer 2

pentagonal shaped sugar

Question 3

Nitrogenous bases of DNA

Answer 3

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine

Question 4

DNA nucleotide

Answer 4

monomers of nucleic acid

Question 5

DNA purines

Answer 5

double ringed A & G

Question 6

DNA pyrimidines

Answer 6

single ring C & T

Question 7

shape of DNA

Answer 7

double helix

Question 8

Watson & Crick

Answer 8

The people given credit for determining the shape of DNA

Question 9

Franklin & Wilkins

Answer 9

x-rayed photographs of DNA crystals to determine the shape of DNA

Question 10

complementary base pairs of DNA

Answer 10

Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
Adenine

Question 11

base-pairing rules of DNA

Answer 11

a specific purine base will bond with a specific pyrimidine base

Question 12

significance of the X-ray photographs of Franklin & Wilkins

Answer 12

They found out what the shape of the DNA actually was

Question 13

DNA replication

Answer 13

The process of making a duplicate copy of DNA

Question 14

polymer

Answer 14

is a large molecule composed of many individual repeating units

Question 15

monomer

Answer 15

the individual repeating units composing a polymer

Question 16

replication fork

Answer 16

results from the function of an enzyme referred to as helicase

Question 17

helicases

Answer 17

function to break hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases

Question 18

DNA polymerases

Answer 18

enzymes that add DNA nucleotides to the separated DNA strands in order to produce 2 identical molecules of DNA

Question 19

be able to produce the missing half of a DNA molecule

Answer 19

A-T
G-C
C-G
T-A

Question 20

what is the accuracy rate of proper nucleotide pairing during DNA replication

Answer 20

1 error in 10,000 Nucleotides

Question 21

mutation

Answer 21

errors that occur when producing identical DNA strands

Question 22

Where is DNA found

Answer 22

In the Nucleus of the cell

Question 23

Where are proteins produced

Answer 23

Ribsomes

Question 24

Ribonucleic Acid

Answer 24

composed of a 5 carbon ribose sugar

Question 25

RNA nucleotide

Answer 25

composed of a 5 carbon ribose ring

Question 26

ribose

Answer 26

z

Question 27

RNA purines

Answer 27

aa

Question 28

RNA pyrimidines

Answer 28

bb

Question 29

complementary base of RNA

Answer 29

cc

Question 30

messenger RNA

Answer 30

dd

Question 31

transfer RNA

Answer 31

ee

Question 32

ribosomal RNA

Answer 32

ff

Question 33

transcription

Answer 33

the process of producing a near copy of the DNA code that serves as the code ribosomes use to produce proteins

Question 34

RNA polymerase

Answer 34

The enzyme primarily responsible for transcription

Question 35

promoters

Answer 35

Transcription begins at a region along the DNA strand

Question 36

termination signal

Answer 36

Transcription continues until the RNA polymerase reaches the section of the antisense strand

Question 37

antisense strand of DNA

Answer 37

Termination Strand

Question 38

gene

Answer 38

section of DNA that codes for a particular protein

Question 39

protein sythesis

Answer 39

The function of producing proteins

Question 40

protein function

Answer 40

1

Question 41

genetic code

Answer 41

the code for the production of all the proteins of a living thing

Question 42

codon

Answer 42

The genetic code is carried on mRNA by a series of 3-letter code words composed of 3 nucleotide bases

Question 43

How many codes can be made with the four different nucleotides of mRNA

Answer 43

64

Question 44

start codon

Answer 44

AUG

Question 45

stop codons

Answer 45

UAA UAG UGA

Question 46

If given a codon of mRNA, be able to understand how it is decoded into an amino acid

Answer 46

1

Question 47

translation

Answer 47

process of assembly of polypeptides from the mRNA code

Question 48

ribosome function during protein sythesis

Answer 48

1

Question 49

tRNA anticodons

Answer 49

ww

Question 50

base pairing rules of transcription and translation

Answer 50

xx

Question 51

If given a mRNA codon, be able to list the tRNA anticodon that is its compliment

Answer 51

yy

Question 52

peptide bond

Answer 52

zz

Question 53

polypeptide

Answer 53

aaa

Question 54

How many amino acids are necessary for you to produce all of your proteins

Answer 54

bbb

Question 55

Study all of the diagrams given in class!!!

Answer 55

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