Chapter 8 (Cell Reproduction)

Question 1

What is the function of histones

Answer 1

Maintain the shape of the chromosome and aid in the tight packing of DNA

Question 2

Chromatid

Answer 2

Halves of a chromosome they form as the DNA makes a copy of itself before cell division

Question 3

Centromere

Answer 3

Where two chromatids of a chromosome are attached it also holds the two chromatids together until they separate during cell division

Question 4

What is the shape of prokaryotic chromosomes

Answer 4

Consist of a circular DNA molecule

Question 5

What is the shape of a eukaryotic chromosome

Answer 5

More complicated than in prokaryotes

Question 6

Adder’s Tongue fern

Answer 6

1,262

Question 7

Carrot

Answer 7

18

Question 8

Cat

Answer 8

32

Question 9

Chimpanzee

Answer 9

48

Question 10

Dog

Answer 10

78

Question 11

Earthworm

Answer 11

36

Question 12

Fruit Fly

Answer 12

8

Question 13

Garden Pea

Answer 13

20

Question 14

Gorilla

Answer 14

48

Question 15

Horse

Answer 15

64

Question 16

Human

Answer 16

46

Question 17

Lettuce

Answer 17

18

Question 18

Orangutan

Answer 18

48

Question 19

Sand Dollar

Answer 19

52

Question 20

Sex Chromosomes

Answer 20

Chromosomes that determine the sex or gender of an organism

Question 21

Autosomes

Answer 21

All the chromosomes in an organism besides the sex cells

Question 22

How do we determine if an organism is male or female

Answer 22

By looking at their chromosomes

Question 23

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 23

They are the same size and shape and carry genes for the same traits

Question 24

Homologous

Answer 24

Another name for homologous chromosomes

Question 25

Karyotype

Answer 25

A pictomicrograph of the chromosomes in a normal dividing cell found in a human

Question 26

In what phase of mitosis is the karyotype made

Answer 26

Metaphase

Question 27

Diploid

Answer 27

Cells having two sets of chromosomes

Question 28

Haploid

Answer 28

Sperm cells and egg cells haploid a are cells that only contain one set of chromosomes

Question 29

Binary Fission

Answer 29

The division of a prokaryotic cell into two off-spring cells

Question 30

What units compose a DNA Molecule

Answer 30

Nucleotides or Chromosomes

Question 31

Mitosis

Answer 31

the division of the nucleus

Question 32

Meiosis

Answer 32

process of nuclear division where the chromosomes are reduced to half in the new cell

Question 33

Cell Cycle

Answer 33

``` Cell Growth DNA is copied Growth and preparation for cell division Mitosis Cytokineses Repeat ```

Question 34

Interphase

Answer 34

The time between cell division

Question 35

G1 Phase

Answer 35

The first growth phase after sythesis

Question 36

G2 Phase

Answer 36

The time where the cell prepares for division

Question 37

G0 Phase

Answer 37

When cells exit the cell cycle

Question 38

S Phase

Answer 38

The cells DNA is copied during this phase

Question 39

cytokineses

Answer 39

the division of the cells cytoplasm

Question 40

Prophase

Answer 40

the first phase of mitosis begins with the shortening and tight coiling of DNA into rod shaped chromosomes

Question 41

Centrioles

Answer 41

small cylindrical bodies inside the centrosome

Question 42

centrosomes

Answer 42

Two dark spots that appear near the disappearing nucleus

Question 43

Spindle Fibers

Answer 43

radiate from the centrosomes in preparation for metaphase

Question 44

Kinetochore Fibers

Answer 44

another type of spindle fiber