Chapter 10 - Education

Question 1

What issues in education does sociology consider?

Answer 1

1) Rise of formal education
2) educational systems
3) experiences for different social groups
4) social factors related to educational success or failure

Question 2

What is the social institution through which society provide its members with important knowledge, including basic facts, job skills, and cultural norms and values?

Answer 2

Education

Question 3

What is the formal instruction under the direction of specially trained teachers?

Answer 3

Schooling

Question 4

How is education part of socialization?

Answer 4

Because socialization refers to all direct and indirect learning related to humans’ ability to understand and negotiate rules and expectations of the social world

Question 5

How does Canada experience cultural innovation?

Answer 5

Through research

Question 6

What ideology does education enhance?

Answer 6

Meritocracy

Question 7

What are latent functions of education?

Answer 7

1) Child care
2) reduce competition for jobs
3) identifies partners

Question 8

What is a critical review of education?

Answer 8

Reproduces the class structure

Question 9

In what ways is social inequality perpetuated?

Answer 9

1) social control - teaches students discipline and punctuality
2) testing - transforms privilege into individual merit
3) tracking - assigning students to different types of programs, frequently according to their background

Question 10

How does education as a social institution vary?

Answer 10

Culturally and historically

Question 11

What is the growth of formal education in Canada related to?

Answer 11

1) Expansion of educational opportunities and requirements
2) Increasing educational opportunities among people born in Canada
3) selection of highly educated immigrants

Question 12

Why was public schooling promoted in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

Answer 12

Serving public interest for all citizenry

Question 13

Why did education expand by mid 20th century?

Answer 13

Accommodate a growing demand
(Credentials became important for many jobs & more comprehensive education to serve needs of a progressive and expanding society)

Question 14

What generation was influential in the expansion of education in the mid-20th century?

Answer 14

Baby Boomer

Question 15

Why did education expand throughout the life course by the 1970’s?

Answer 15

To accommodate college and university education

Question 16

What refers to the impact of rapidly changing information technologists and scientific advancements in major spheres of life?

Answer 16

Knowledge-based economy

Question 17

The capacity to learn, innovate and apply knowledge is important in what kind of society?

Answer 17

Learning society

Question 18

What kind of society is Canada considered to be?

Answer 18

Intelligence-based society

Question 19

Emphasis on credentials and lifelong is associated with what factors across national settings?

Answer 19

Globalization and competition

Question 20

What are seems as indicators of modernization and development status among populations?

Answer 20

High levels of education

Question 21

What are barriers to education?

Answer 21

Girls and children of low-income households, and First Nations

Question 22

Which theory examines education in terms of its role in maintains social order and stability?

Answer 22

Structural functional

Question 23

Which sociologist viewed education as means by which society is reproduced?

Answer 23

Durkheim

Question 24

What were Parsons’ two main functions of education?

Answer 24

Selection - allocates individuals with different skills/talents into appropriate jobs and social positions
Socialization - equips individuals with knowledge, capabilities to perform social and economic roles as adults

Question 25

Which theory focuses on increasing technical sophistication of jobs and knowledge production?

Answer 25

Technical functionalism

Question 26

How does education reflect meritocratic ideal?

Answer 26

Enables individuals to achieve success regardless of social background

Question 27

What theory emphasizes the role of education as a tool for developing human capacities to create and apply new knowledge, and contribute to economic development?

Answer 27

Human capital theory

Question 28

What is the symbolic interactionism/micro sociology theory of education?

Answer 28

Focuses on lives and understanding of those involved in education

Question 29

Which sociologist suggested that schooling involves series of negotiations between students, teachers and parents who shape meanings, experiences and practices?

Answer 29

Waller

Question 30

What is microsociology’s view of how education is constructed as a social institution?

Answer 30

Constructed through daily activity, social interactions, patterns of social relations

Question 31

What is the criticism of microsociology’s view of education?

Answer 31

Overlooks broader contexts and structures of power, inequalities in education

Question 32

What is the criticism of the structural functionalism view of education?

Answer 32

Overlooks persistent inequalities in education and doesn’t address differences in values, practices and content involved in education

Question 33

Which theory is concerned with the role of education in maintaining or changing institutional structures and social inequalities?

Answer 33

Conflict theory

Question 34

What did Bowles and Gintis suggest about education?

Answer 34

Schools serve as mechanisms for selection and preparation of students for jobs in an occupational hierarchy conditioned by capitalist interests

Question 35

Which theory suggest that educational expansion serves interests of privileged groups?

Answer 35

Conflict theory

Question 36

Which theory suggests that education reinforces various forms of social inequality?

Answer 36

Conflict theory

Question 37

Which theorists have different waves of feminism view education as an institution to promote women’s rights, opportunities and interests?

Answer 37

Feminist theories

Question 38

Which sociologist had an emphasis on people’s standpoints and experiences in research with an aim to change condition underpinning inequalities in education?

Answer 38

Smith

Question 39

What is related to the lack of professional recognition, heavy regulation and practices that reflect gender-based assumptions in education?

Answer 39

Feminization of teaching

Question 40

What is concerned with relationships between gender, race, class, in shaping student-teacher experiences, opportunities and options?

Answer 40

Intersectional analysis

Question 41

What is concerned with power and domination in schooling and personal life?

Answer 41

Critical pedagogy

Question 42

What are some problems in schools?

Answer 42

1) unprepared for workforce 2) dropping out 3) academic standards

Question 43

What are 5 ways bureaucratic schools undermine education?

Answer 43

1) rigid uniformity 2) numerical ratings 3) rigid expectations 4) specialization 5) little individual responsibility

Question 44

What is Bourdieu’s critical theory?

Answer 44

Examines how Education is linked to transmission of power and privilege from one generation to another

Question 45

What does Canadian research draw upon in education?

Answer 45

Integrative approaches (personal and social-structural)

Question 46

What is growing educational diversity related to?

Answer 46

Social and demographic changes

Question 47

Why is the hidden curriculum an issue affecting educational participants?

Answer 47

School life imparts value, beliefs and ideas that favour students from some backgrounds more than others

Question 48

What is reinforced by banking on a model of pedagogy, and the curricula tends to be transmitted in top-down fashion (teacher down to student)?

Answer 48

Silencing practices

Question 49

How is education coordinated in Canada?

Answer 49

By provincial governments and implemented by local school birds

Question 50

Why is growing reliance on private funding in education a concern?

Answer 50

Risk of increased educational inequalities

Question 51

Which perspectives promote application of market-based principles to education?

Answer 51

Neo-liberal

Question 52

What do alternative views to neo-liberalist views of education say?

Answer 52

Market-based approach to education is limited and doesn’t reflect commitment

Question 53

What is the digital divide?

Answer 53

The gap in access and ability to use new technologies

Question 54

How has gender-related educational differences changed over time?

Answer 54

They’ve diminished

Question 55

How is education related to social and economic advancement?

Answer 55

Traditional forms of inequality diminish with increasing educational participation and attainment rates

Question 56

How have educational differences between racial and ethnic groups changed over time?

Answer 56

Diminished because of current immigration policies, promoted sensitivity to racial diversity

Question 57

What is the view of education by families?

Answer 57

Investment

Question 58

Why might non-traditional pathways of education become a source of family tensions?

Answer 58

Overlap between work, school and family

Question 59

How do parents influence children’s educational attainment and success?

Answer 59

Parental education and expectations are important factors (emphasis on early reading and literacy)

Question 60

What impact have new technologies had on education?

Answer 60

They are integrated into teaching environments and widened access to learning resources and opportunities